duktape-1.8.0/src-separate/duk_hobject_props.c

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/*
 *  Hobject property set/get functionality.
 *
 *  This is very central functionality for size, performance, and compliance.
 *  It is also rather intricate; see hobject-algorithms.rst for discussion on
 *  the algorithms and memory-management.rst for discussion on refcounts and
 *  side effect issues.
 *
 *  Notes:
 *
 *    - It might be tempting to assert "refcount nonzero" for objects
 *      being operated on, but that's not always correct: objects with
 *      a zero refcount may be operated on by the refcount implementation
 *      (finalization) for instance.  Hence, no refcount assertions are made.
 *
 *    - Many operations (memory allocation, identifier operations, etc)
 *      may cause arbitrary side effects (e.g. through GC and finalization).
 *      These side effects may invalidate duk_tval pointers which point to
 *      areas subject to reallocation (like value stack).  Heap objects
 *      themselves have stable pointers.  Holding heap object pointers or
 *      duk_tval copies is not problematic with respect to side effects;
 *      care must be taken when holding and using argument duk_tval pointers.
 *
 *    - If a finalizer is executed, it may operate on the the same object
 *      we're currently dealing with.  For instance, the finalizer might
 *      delete a certain property which has already been looked up and
 *      confirmed to exist.  Ideally finalizers would be disabled if GC
 *      happens during property access.  At the moment property table realloc
 *      disables finalizers, and all DECREFs may cause arbitrary changes so
 *      handle DECREF carefully.
 *
 *    - The order of operations for a DECREF matters.  When DECREF is executed,
 *      the entire object graph must be consistent; note that a refzero may
 *      lead to a mark-and-sweep through a refcount finalizer.
 */
 
/*
 *  XXX: array indices are mostly typed as duk_uint32_t here; duk_uarridx_t
 *  might be more appropriate.
 */
 
/*
 *  XXX: duk_uint_fast32_t should probably be used in many places here.
 */
 
#include "duk_internal.h"
 
/*
 *  Local defines
 */
 
#define DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX             DUK_HSTRING_NO_ARRAY_INDEX
 
/* hash probe sequence */
#define DUK__HASH_INITIAL(hash,h_size)  DUK_HOBJECT_HASH_INITIAL((hash),(h_size))
#define DUK__HASH_PROBE_STEP(hash)      DUK_HOBJECT_HASH_PROBE_STEP((hash))
 
/* marker values for hash part */
#define DUK__HASH_UNUSED                DUK_HOBJECT_HASHIDX_UNUSED
#define DUK__HASH_DELETED               DUK_HOBJECT_HASHIDX_DELETED
 
/* valstack space that suffices for all local calls, including recursion
 * of other than Duktape calls (getters etc)
 */
#define DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE             10
 
/* valstack space allocated especially for proxy lookup which does a
 * recursive property lookup
 */
#define DUK__VALSTACK_PROXY_LOOKUP      20
 
/*
 *  Local prototypes
 */
 
DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk__check_arguments_map_for_get(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key, duk_propdesc *temp_desc);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__check_arguments_map_for_put(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key, duk_propdesc *temp_desc, duk_bool_t throw_flag);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL void duk__check_arguments_map_for_delete(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key, duk_propdesc *temp_desc);
 
DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk__handle_put_array_length_smaller(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_uint32_t old_len, duk_uint32_t new_len, duk_bool_t force_flag, duk_uint32_t *out_result_len);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk__handle_put_array_length(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj);
 
DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk__get_propdesc(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key, duk_propdesc *out_desc, duk_small_uint_t flags);
DUK_LOCAL_DECL duk_bool_t duk__get_own_propdesc_raw(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key, duk_uint32_t arr_idx, duk_propdesc *out_desc, duk_small_uint_t flags);
DUK_LOCAL duk_uint32_t duk__get_old_array_length(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_propdesc *temp_desc);
 
/*
 *  Misc helpers
 */
 
/* Convert a duk_tval number (caller checks) to a 32-bit index.  Returns
 * DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX if the number is not whole or not a valid array
 * index.
 */
/* XXX: for fastints, could use a variant which assumes a double duk_tval
 * (and doesn't need to check for fastint again).
 */
DUK_LOCAL duk_uint32_t duk__tval_number_to_arr_idx(duk_tval *tv) {
    duk_double_t dbl;
    duk_uint32_t idx;
 
    DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv));
 
    /* -0 is accepted here as index 0 because ToString(-0) == "0" which is
     * in canonical form and thus an array index.
     */
    dbl = DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv);
    idx = (duk_uint32_t) dbl;
    if ((duk_double_t) idx == dbl) {
            /* Is whole and within 32 bit range.  If the value happens to be 0xFFFFFFFF,
         * it's not a valid array index but will then match DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX.
         */
        return idx;
    }
    return DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX;
}
 
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
/* Convert a duk_tval fastint (caller checks) to a 32-bit index. */
DUK_LOCAL duk_uint32_t duk__tval_fastint_to_arr_idx(duk_tval *tv) {
    duk_int64_t t;
 
    DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(tv));
 
    t = DUK_TVAL_GET_FASTINT(tv);
    if ((t & ~0xffffffffULL) != 0) {
        /* Catches >0x100000000 and negative values. */
        return DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX;
    }
 
    /* If the value happens to be 0xFFFFFFFF, it's not a valid array index
     * but will then match DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX.
     */
    return (duk_uint32_t) t;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_FASTINT */
 
/* Push an arbitrary duk_tval to the stack, coerce it to string, and return
 * both a duk_hstring pointer and an array index (or DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX).
 */
DUK_LOCAL duk_uint32_t duk__push_tval_to_hstring_arr_idx(duk_context *ctx, duk_tval *tv, duk_hstring **out_h) {
    duk_uint32_t arr_idx;
    duk_hstring *h;
 
    DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(tv != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(out_h != NULL);
 
    duk_push_tval(ctx, tv);
    duk_to_string(ctx, -1);
    h = duk_get_hstring(ctx, -1);
    DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
    *out_h = h;
 
    arr_idx = DUK_HSTRING_GET_ARRIDX_FAST(h);
    return arr_idx;
}
 
/* String is an own (virtual) property of a lightfunc. */
DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__key_is_lightfunc_ownprop(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hstring *key) {
    DUK_UNREF(thr);
    return (key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LENGTH(thr) ||
            key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_NAME(thr));
}
 
/*
 *  Helpers for managing property storage size
 */
 
/* Get default hash part size for a certain entry part size. */
#if defined(DUK_USE_HOBJECT_HASH_PART)
DUK_LOCAL duk_uint32_t duk__get_default_h_size(duk_uint32_t e_size) {
    DUK_ASSERT(e_size <= DUK_HOBJECT_MAX_PROPERTIES);
 
    if (e_size >= DUK_HOBJECT_E_USE_HASH_LIMIT) {
        duk_uint32_t res;
 
        /* result: hash_prime(floor(1.2 * e_size)) */
        res = duk_util_get_hash_prime(e_size + e_size / DUK_HOBJECT_H_SIZE_DIVISOR);
 
        /* if fails, e_size will be zero = not an issue, except performance-wise */
        DUK_ASSERT(res == 0 || res > e_size);
        return res;
    } else {
        return 0;
    }
}
#endif  /* USE_PROP_HASH_PART */
 
/* Get minimum entry part growth for a certain size. */
DUK_LOCAL duk_uint32_t duk__get_min_grow_e(duk_uint32_t e_size) {
    duk_uint32_t res;
 
    DUK_ASSERT(e_size <= DUK_HOBJECT_MAX_PROPERTIES);
 
    res = (e_size + DUK_HOBJECT_E_MIN_GROW_ADD) / DUK_HOBJECT_E_MIN_GROW_DIVISOR;
    DUK_ASSERT(res >= 1);  /* important for callers */
    return res;
}
 
/* Get minimum array part growth for a certain size. */
DUK_LOCAL duk_uint32_t duk__get_min_grow_a(duk_uint32_t a_size) {
    duk_uint32_t res;
 
    DUK_ASSERT((duk_size_t) a_size <= DUK_HOBJECT_MAX_PROPERTIES);
 
    res = (a_size + DUK_HOBJECT_A_MIN_GROW_ADD) / DUK_HOBJECT_A_MIN_GROW_DIVISOR;
    DUK_ASSERT(res >= 1);  /* important for callers */
    return res;
}
 
/* Count actually used entry part entries (non-NULL keys). */
DUK_LOCAL duk_uint32_t duk__count_used_e_keys(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj) {
    duk_uint_fast32_t i;
    duk_uint_fast32_t n = 0;
    duk_hstring **e;
 
    DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
    DUK_UNREF(thr);
 
    e = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY_BASE(thr->heap, obj);
    for (i = 0; i < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(obj); i++) {
        if (*e++) {
            n++;
        }
    }
    return (duk_uint32_t) n;
}
 
/* Count actually used array part entries and array minimum size.
 * NOTE: 'out_min_size' can be computed much faster by starting from the
 * end and breaking out early when finding first used entry, but this is
 * not needed now.
 */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__compute_a_stats(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_uint32_t *out_used, duk_uint32_t *out_min_size) {
    duk_uint_fast32_t i;
    duk_uint_fast32_t used = 0;
    duk_uint_fast32_t highest_idx = (duk_uint_fast32_t) -1;  /* see below */
    duk_tval *a;
 
    DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(out_used != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(out_min_size != NULL);
    DUK_UNREF(thr);
 
    a = DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_BASE(thr->heap, obj);
    for (i = 0; i < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj); i++) {
        duk_tval *tv = a++;
        if (!DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(tv)) {
            used++;
            highest_idx = i;
        }
    }
 
    /* Initial value for highest_idx is -1 coerced to unsigned.  This
     * is a bit odd, but (highest_idx + 1) will then wrap to 0 below
     * for out_min_size as intended.
     */
 
    *out_used = used;
    *out_min_size = highest_idx + 1;  /* 0 if no used entries */
}
 
/* Check array density and indicate whether or not the array part should be abandoned. */
DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__abandon_array_density_check(duk_uint32_t a_used, duk_uint32_t a_size) {
    /*
     *  Array abandon check; abandon if:
     *
     *    new_used / new_size < limit
     *    new_used < limit * new_size        || limit is 3 bits fixed point
     *    new_used < limit' / 8 * new_size   || *8
     *    8*new_used < limit' * new_size     || :8
     *    new_used < limit' * (new_size / 8)
     *
     *  Here, new_used = a_used, new_size = a_size.
     *
     *  Note: some callers use approximate values for a_used and/or a_size
     *  (e.g. dropping a '+1' term).  This doesn't affect the usefulness
     *  of the check, but may confuse debugging.
     */
 
    return (a_used < DUK_HOBJECT_A_ABANDON_LIMIT * (a_size >> 3));
}
 
/* Fast check for extending array: check whether or not a slow density check is required. */
DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__abandon_array_slow_check_required(duk_uint32_t arr_idx, duk_uint32_t old_size) {
    /*
     *  In a fast check we assume old_size equals old_used (i.e., existing
     *  array is fully dense).
     *
     *  Slow check if:
     *
     *    (new_size - old_size) / old_size > limit
     *    new_size - old_size > limit * old_size
     *    new_size > (1 + limit) * old_size        || limit' is 3 bits fixed point
     *    new_size > (1 + (limit' / 8)) * old_size || * 8
     *    8 * new_size > (8 + limit') * old_size   || : 8
     *    new_size > (8 + limit') * (old_size / 8)
     *    new_size > limit'' * (old_size / 8)      || limit'' = 9 -> max 25% increase
     *    arr_idx + 1 > limit'' * (old_size / 8)
     *
     *  This check doesn't work well for small values, so old_size is rounded
     *  up for the check (and the '+ 1' of arr_idx can be ignored in practice):
     *
     *    arr_idx > limit'' * ((old_size + 7) / 8)
     */
 
    return (arr_idx > DUK_HOBJECT_A_FAST_RESIZE_LIMIT * ((old_size + 7) >> 3));
}
 
/*
 *  Proxy helpers
 */
 
#if defined(DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY)
DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_hobject_proxy_check(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hobject **out_target, duk_hobject **out_handler) {
    duk_tval *tv_target;
    duk_tval *tv_handler;
    duk_hobject *h_target;
    duk_hobject *h_handler;
 
    DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(out_target != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(out_handler != NULL);
 
    /* Caller doesn't need to check exotic proxy behavior (but does so for
     * some fast paths).
     */
    if (DUK_LIKELY(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_PROXYOBJ(obj))) {
        return 0;
    }
 
    tv_handler = duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr(thr->heap, obj, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_HANDLER(thr));
    if (!tv_handler) {
        DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_PROXY_REVOKED);
        return 0;
    }
    DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv_handler));
    h_handler = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv_handler);
    DUK_ASSERT(h_handler != NULL);
    *out_handler = h_handler;
    tv_handler = NULL;  /* avoid issues with relocation */
 
    tv_target = duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr(thr->heap, obj, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_TARGET(thr));
    if (!tv_target) {
        DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_PROXY_REVOKED);
        return 0;
    }
    DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv_target));
    h_target = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv_target);
    DUK_ASSERT(h_target != NULL);
    *out_target = h_target;
    tv_target = NULL;  /* avoid issues with relocation */
 
    return 1;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY */
 
/* Get Proxy target object.  If the argument is not a Proxy, return it as is.
 * If a Proxy is revoked, an error is thrown.
 */
#if defined(DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY)
DUK_INTERNAL duk_hobject *duk_hobject_resolve_proxy_target(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj) {
    duk_hobject *h_target;
    duk_hobject *h_handler;
 
    DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
 
    /* Resolve Proxy targets until Proxy chain ends.  No explicit check for
     * a Proxy loop: user code cannot create such a loop without tweaking
     * internal properties directly.
     */
 
    while (DUK_UNLIKELY(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_PROXYOBJ(obj))) {
        if (duk_hobject_proxy_check(thr, obj, &h_target, &h_handler)) {
            DUK_ASSERT(h_target != NULL);
            obj = h_target;
        } else {
            break;
        }
    }
 
    DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
    return obj;
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY */
 
#if defined(DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY)
DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__proxy_check_prop(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_small_uint_t stridx_trap, duk_tval *tv_key, duk_hobject **out_target) {
    duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
    duk_hobject *h_handler;
 
    DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(tv_key != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(out_target != NULL);
 
    if (!duk_hobject_proxy_check(thr, obj, out_target, &h_handler)) {
        return 0;
    }
    DUK_ASSERT(*out_target != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(h_handler != NULL);
 
    /* XXX: At the moment Duktape accesses internal keys like _Finalizer using a
     * normal property set/get which would allow a proxy handler to interfere with
     * such behavior and to get access to internal key strings.  This is not a problem
     * as such because internal key strings can be created in other ways too (e.g.
     * through buffers).  The best fix is to change Duktape internal lookups to
     * skip proxy behavior.  Until that, internal property accesses bypass the
     * proxy and are applied to the target (as if the handler did not exist).
     * This has some side effects, see test-bi-proxy-internal-keys.js.
     */
 
    if (DUK_TVAL_IS_STRING(tv_key)) {
        duk_hstring *h_key = (duk_hstring *) DUK_TVAL_GET_STRING(tv_key);
        DUK_ASSERT(h_key != NULL);
        if (DUK_HSTRING_HAS_INTERNAL(h_key)) {
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("internal key, skip proxy handler and apply to target"));
            return 0;
        }
    }
 
    /* The handler is looked up with a normal property lookup; it may be an
     * accessor or the handler object itself may be a proxy object.  If the
     * handler is a proxy, we need to extend the valstack as we make a
     * recursive proxy check without a function call in between (in fact
     * there is no limit to the potential recursion here).
     *
     * (For sanity, proxy creation rejects another proxy object as either
     * the handler or the target at the moment so recursive proxy cases
     * are not realized now.)
     */
 
    /* XXX: C recursion limit if proxies are allowed as handler/target values */
 
    duk_require_stack(ctx, DUK__VALSTACK_PROXY_LOOKUP);
    duk_push_hobject(ctx, h_handler);
    if (duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, -1, stridx_trap)) {
        /* -> [ ... handler trap ] */
        duk_insert(ctx, -2);  /* -> [ ... trap handler ] */
 
        /* stack prepped for func call: [ ... trap handler ] */
        return 1;
    } else {
        duk_pop_2(ctx);
        return 0;
    }
}
#endif  /* DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY */
 
/*
 *  Reallocate property allocation, moving properties to the new allocation.
 *
 *  Includes key compaction, rehashing, and can also optionally abandoning
 *  the array part, 'migrating' array entries into the beginning of the
 *  new entry part.  Arguments are not validated here, so e.g. new_h_size
 *  MUST be a valid prime.
 *
 *  There is no support for in-place reallocation or just compacting keys
 *  without resizing the property allocation.  This is intentional to keep
 *  code size minimal.
 *
 *  The implementation is relatively straightforward, except for the array
 *  abandonment process.  Array abandonment requires that new string keys
 *  are interned, which may trigger GC.  All keys interned so far must be
 *  reachable for GC at all times; valstack is used for that now.
 *
 *  Also, a GC triggered during this reallocation process must not interfere
 *  with the object being resized.  This is currently controlled by using
 *  heap->mark_and_sweep_base_flags to indicate that no finalizers will be
 *  executed (as they can affect ANY object) and no objects are compacted
 *  (it would suffice to protect this particular object only, though).
 *
 *  Note: a non-checked variant would be nice but is a bit tricky to
 *  implement for the array abandonment process.  It's easy for
 *  everything else.
 *
 *  Note: because we need to potentially resize the valstack (as part
 *  of abandoning the array part), any tval pointers to the valstack
 *  will become invalid after this call.
 */
 
DUK_LOCAL
void duk__realloc_props(duk_hthread *thr,
                        duk_hobject *obj,
                        duk_uint32_t new_e_size,
                        duk_uint32_t new_a_size,
                        duk_uint32_t new_h_size,
                        duk_bool_t abandon_array) {
    duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
#ifdef DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP
    duk_small_uint_t prev_mark_and_sweep_base_flags;
#endif
    duk_uint32_t new_alloc_size;
    duk_uint32_t new_e_size_adjusted;
    duk_uint8_t *new_p;
    duk_hstring **new_e_k;
    duk_propvalue *new_e_pv;
    duk_uint8_t *new_e_f;
    duk_tval *new_a;
    duk_uint32_t *new_h;
    duk_uint32_t new_e_next;
    duk_uint_fast32_t i;
 
    DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(!abandon_array || new_a_size == 0);  /* if abandon_array, new_a_size must be 0 */
    DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROPS(thr->heap, obj) != NULL || (DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE(obj) == 0 && DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj) == 0));
    DUK_ASSERT(new_h_size == 0 || new_h_size >= new_e_size);  /* required to guarantee success of rehashing,
                                                               * intentionally use unadjusted new_e_size
                                                               */
    DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_READONLY((duk_heaphdr *) obj));
    DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE);
 
    /*
     *  Pre resize assertions.
     */
 
#ifdef DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS
    /* XXX: pre-checks (such as no duplicate keys) */
#endif
 
    /*
     *  For property layout 1, tweak e_size to ensure that the whole entry
     *  part (key + val + flags) is a suitable multiple for alignment
     *  (platform specific).
     *
     *  Property layout 2 does not require this tweaking and is preferred
     *  on low RAM platforms requiring alignment.
     */
 
#if defined(DUK_USE_HOBJECT_LAYOUT_2) || defined(DUK_USE_HOBJECT_LAYOUT_3)
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("using layout 2 or 3, no need to pad e_size: %ld", (long) new_e_size));
    new_e_size_adjusted = new_e_size;
#elif defined(DUK_USE_HOBJECT_LAYOUT_1) && (DUK_HOBJECT_ALIGN_TARGET == 1)
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("using layout 1, but no need to pad e_size: %ld", (long) new_e_size));
    new_e_size_adjusted = new_e_size;
#elif defined(DUK_USE_HOBJECT_LAYOUT_1) && ((DUK_HOBJECT_ALIGN_TARGET == 4) || (DUK_HOBJECT_ALIGN_TARGET == 8))
    new_e_size_adjusted = (new_e_size + DUK_HOBJECT_ALIGN_TARGET - 1) & (~(DUK_HOBJECT_ALIGN_TARGET - 1));
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("using layout 1, and alignment target is %ld, adjusted e_size: %ld -> %ld",
                         (long) DUK_HOBJECT_ALIGN_TARGET, (long) new_e_size, (long) new_e_size_adjusted));
    DUK_ASSERT(new_e_size_adjusted >= new_e_size);
#else
#error invalid hobject layout defines
#endif
 
    /*
     *  Debug logging after adjustment.
     */
 
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("attempt to resize hobject %p props (%ld -> %ld bytes), from {p=%p,e_size=%ld,e_next=%ld,a_size=%ld,h_size=%ld} to "
                         "{e_size=%ld,a_size=%ld,h_size=%ld}, abandon_array=%ld, unadjusted new_e_size=%ld",
                         (void *) obj,
                         (long) DUK_HOBJECT_P_COMPUTE_SIZE(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE(obj),
                                                           DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj),
                                                           DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE(obj)),
                         (long) DUK_HOBJECT_P_COMPUTE_SIZE(new_e_size_adjusted, new_a_size, new_h_size),
                         (void *) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROPS(thr->heap, obj),
                         (long) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE(obj),
                         (long) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(obj),
                         (long) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj),
                         (long) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE(obj),
                         (long) new_e_size_adjusted,
                         (long) new_a_size,
                         (long) new_h_size,
                         (long) abandon_array,
                         (long) new_e_size));
 
    /*
     *  Property count check.  This is the only point where we ensure that
     *  we don't get more (allocated) property space that we can handle.
     *  There aren't hard limits as such, but some algorithms fail (e.g.
     *  finding next higher prime, selecting hash part size) if we get too
     *  close to the 4G property limit.
     *
     *  Since this works based on allocation size (not actually used size),
     *  the limit is a bit approximate but good enough in practice.
     */
 
    if (new_e_size_adjusted + new_a_size > DUK_HOBJECT_MAX_PROPERTIES) {
        DUK_ERROR_ALLOC_DEFMSG(thr);
    }
 
    /*
     *  Compute new alloc size and alloc new area.
     *
     *  The new area is allocated as a dynamic buffer and placed into the
     *  valstack for reachability.  The actual buffer is then detached at
     *  the end.
     *
     *  Note: heap_mark_and_sweep_base_flags are altered here to ensure
     *  no-one touches this object while we're resizing and rehashing it.
     *  The flags must be reset on every exit path after it.  Finalizers
     *  and compaction is prevented currently for all objects while it
     *  would be enough to restrict it only for the current object.
     */
 
#ifdef DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP
    prev_mark_and_sweep_base_flags = thr->heap->mark_and_sweep_base_flags;
    thr->heap->mark_and_sweep_base_flags |=
            DUK_MS_FLAG_NO_FINALIZERS |         /* avoid attempts to add/remove object keys */
            DUK_MS_FLAG_NO_OBJECT_COMPACTION;   /* avoid attempt to compact the current object */
#endif
 
    new_alloc_size = DUK_HOBJECT_P_COMPUTE_SIZE(new_e_size_adjusted, new_a_size, new_h_size);
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("new hobject allocation size is %ld", (long) new_alloc_size));
    new_e_next = 0;
    new_e_k = NULL;
    if (new_alloc_size == 0) {
        /* for zero size, don't push anything on valstack */
        DUK_ASSERT(new_e_size_adjusted == 0);
        DUK_ASSERT(new_a_size == 0);
        DUK_ASSERT(new_h_size == 0);
        new_p = NULL;
    } else {
        /* This may trigger mark-and-sweep with arbitrary side effects,
         * including an attempted resize of the object we're resizing,
         * executing a finalizer which may add or remove properties of
         * the object we're resizing etc.
         */
 
#if 0  /* XXX: inject test */
        if (1) {
            goto alloc_failed;
        }
#endif
        new_p = (duk_uint8_t *) DUK_ALLOC(thr->heap, new_alloc_size);
        if (new_p == NULL) {
            /* NULL always indicates alloc failure because
             * new_alloc_size > 0.
             */
            goto alloc_failed;
        }
    }
 
    /* Set up pointers to the new property area: this is hidden behind a macro
     * because it is memory layout specific.
     */
    DUK_HOBJECT_P_SET_REALLOC_PTRS(new_p, new_e_k, new_e_pv, new_e_f, new_a, new_h,
                                   new_e_size_adjusted, new_a_size, new_h_size);
    DUK_UNREF(new_h);  /* happens when hash part dropped */
 
    /* if new_p == NULL, all of these pointers are NULL */
    DUK_ASSERT((new_p != NULL) ||
               (new_e_k == NULL && new_e_pv == NULL && new_e_f == NULL &&
                new_a == NULL && new_h == NULL));
 
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("new alloc size %ld, new_e_k=%p, new_e_pv=%p, new_e_f=%p, new_a=%p, new_h=%p",
                         (long) new_alloc_size, (void *) new_e_k, (void *) new_e_pv, (void *) new_e_f,
                         (void *) new_a, (void *) new_h));
 
    /*
     *  Migrate array to start of entries if requested.
     *
     *  Note: from an enumeration perspective the order of entry keys matters.
     *  Array keys should appear wherever they appeared before the array abandon
     *  operation.
     */
 
    if (abandon_array) {
        /*
         *  Note: assuming new_a_size == 0, and that entry part contains
         *  no conflicting keys, refcounts do not need to be adjusted for
         *  the values, as they remain exactly the same.
         *
         *  The keys, however, need to be interned, incref'd, and be
         *  reachable for GC.  Any intern attempt may trigger a GC and
         *  claim any non-reachable strings, so every key must be reachable
         *  at all times.
         *
         *  A longjmp must not occur here, as the new_p allocation would
         *  be freed without these keys being decref'd, hence the messy
         *  decref handling if intern fails.
         */
        DUK_ASSERT(new_a_size == 0);
 
        for (i = 0; i < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj); i++) {
            duk_tval *tv1;
            duk_tval *tv2;
            duk_hstring *key;
 
            DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROPS(thr->heap, obj) != NULL);
 
            tv1 = DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE_PTR(thr->heap, obj, i);
            if (DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(tv1)) {
                continue;
            }
 
            DUK_ASSERT(new_p != NULL && new_e_k != NULL &&
                       new_e_pv != NULL && new_e_f != NULL);
 
            /*
             *  Intern key via the valstack to ensure reachability behaves
             *  properly.  We must avoid longjmp's here so use non-checked
             *  primitives.
             *
             *  Note: duk_check_stack() potentially reallocs the valstack,
             *  invalidating any duk_tval pointers to valstack.  Callers
             *  must be careful.
             */
 
            /* never shrinks; auto-adds DUK_VALSTACK_INTERNAL_EXTRA, which is generous */
            if (!duk_check_stack(ctx, 1)) {
                goto abandon_error;
            }
            DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, 1);
            key = duk_heap_string_intern_u32(thr->heap, i);
            if (!key) {
                goto abandon_error;
            }
            duk_push_hstring(ctx, key);  /* keep key reachable for GC etc; guaranteed not to fail */
 
            /* key is now reachable in the valstack */
 
            DUK_HSTRING_INCREF(thr, key);   /* second incref for the entry reference */
            new_e_k[new_e_next] = key;
            tv2 = &new_e_pv[new_e_next].v;  /* array entries are all plain values */
            DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(tv2, tv1);
            new_e_f[new_e_next] = DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE |
                                  DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ENUMERABLE |
                                  DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE;
            new_e_next++;
 
            /* Note: new_e_next matches pushed temp key count, and nothing can
             * fail above between the push and this point.
             */
        }
 
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("abandon array: pop %ld key temps from valstack", (long) new_e_next));
        duk_pop_n(ctx, new_e_next);
    }
 
    /*
     *  Copy keys and values in the entry part (compacting them at the same time).
     */
 
    for (i = 0; i < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(obj); i++) {
        duk_hstring *key;
 
        DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROPS(thr->heap, obj) != NULL);
 
        key = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY(thr->heap, obj, i);
        if (!key) {
            continue;
        }
 
        DUK_ASSERT(new_p != NULL && new_e_k != NULL &&
                   new_e_pv != NULL && new_e_f != NULL);
 
        new_e_k[new_e_next] = key;
        new_e_pv[new_e_next] = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE(thr->heap, obj, i);
        new_e_f[new_e_next] = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_FLAGS(thr->heap, obj, i);
        new_e_next++;
    }
    /* the entries [new_e_next, new_e_size_adjusted[ are left uninitialized on purpose (ok, not gc reachable) */
 
    /*
     *  Copy array elements to new array part.
     */
 
    if (new_a_size > DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj)) {
        /* copy existing entries as is */
        DUK_ASSERT(new_p != NULL && new_a != NULL);
        if (DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj) > 0) {
            /* Avoid zero copy with an invalid pointer.  If obj->p is NULL,
             * the 'new_a' pointer will be invalid which is not allowed even
             * when copy size is zero.
             */
            DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROPS(thr->heap, obj) != NULL);
            DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj) > 0);
            DUK_MEMCPY((void *) new_a, (void *) DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_BASE(thr->heap, obj), sizeof(duk_tval) * DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj));
        }
 
        /* fill new entries with -unused- (required, gc reachable) */
        for (i = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj); i < new_a_size; i++) {
            duk_tval *tv = &new_a[i];
            DUK_TVAL_SET_UNUSED(tv);
        }
    } else {
#ifdef DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS
        /* caller must have decref'd values above new_a_size (if that is necessary) */
        if (!abandon_array) {
            for (i = new_a_size; i < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj); i++) {
                duk_tval *tv;
                tv = DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE_PTR(thr->heap, obj, i);
 
                /* current assertion is quite strong: decref's and set to unused */
                DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(tv));
            }
        }
#endif
        if (new_a_size > 0) {
            /* Avoid zero copy with an invalid pointer.  If obj->p is NULL,
             * the 'new_a' pointer will be invalid which is not allowed even
             * when copy size is zero.
             */
            DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROPS(thr->heap, obj) != NULL);
            DUK_ASSERT(new_a_size > 0);
            DUK_MEMCPY((void *) new_a, (void *) DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_BASE(thr->heap, obj), sizeof(duk_tval) * new_a_size);
        }
    }
 
    /*
     *  Rebuild the hash part always from scratch (guaranteed to finish).
     *
     *  Any resize of hash part requires rehashing.  In addition, by rehashing
     *  get rid of any elements marked deleted (DUK__HASH_DELETED) which is critical
     *  to ensuring the hash part never fills up.
     */
 
#if defined(DUK_USE_HOBJECT_HASH_PART)
    if (DUK_UNLIKELY(new_h_size > 0)) {
        DUK_ASSERT(new_h != NULL);
 
        /* fill new_h with u32 0xff = UNUSED */
        DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROPS(thr->heap, obj) != NULL);
        DUK_ASSERT(new_h_size > 0);
        DUK_MEMSET(new_h, 0xff, sizeof(duk_uint32_t) * new_h_size);
 
        DUK_ASSERT(new_e_next <= new_h_size);  /* equality not actually possible */
        for (i = 0; i < new_e_next; i++) {
            duk_hstring *key = new_e_k[i];
            duk_uint32_t j, step;
 
            DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
            j = DUK__HASH_INITIAL(DUK_HSTRING_GET_HASH(key), new_h_size);
            step = DUK__HASH_PROBE_STEP(DUK_HSTRING_GET_HASH(key));
 
            for (;;) {
                DUK_ASSERT(new_h[j] != DUK__HASH_DELETED);  /* should never happen */
                if (new_h[j] == DUK__HASH_UNUSED) {
                    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("rebuild hit %ld -> %ld", (long) j, (long) i));
                    new_h[j] = i;
                    break;
                }
                DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("rebuild miss %ld, step %ld", (long) j, (long) step));
                j = (j + step) % new_h_size;
 
                /* guaranteed to finish */
                DUK_ASSERT(j != (duk_uint32_t) DUK__HASH_INITIAL(DUK_HSTRING_GET_HASH(key), new_h_size));
            }
        }
    } else {
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("no hash part, no rehash"));
    }
#endif  /* DUK_USE_HOBJECT_HASH_PART */
 
    /*
     *  Nice debug log.
     */
 
    DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("resized hobject %p props (%ld -> %ld bytes), from {p=%p,e_size=%ld,e_next=%ld,a_size=%ld,h_size=%ld} to "
                       "{p=%p,e_size=%ld,e_next=%ld,a_size=%ld,h_size=%ld}, abandon_array=%ld, unadjusted new_e_size=%ld",
                       (void *) obj,
                       (long) DUK_HOBJECT_P_COMPUTE_SIZE(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE(obj),
                                                         DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj),
                                                         DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE(obj)),
                       (long) new_alloc_size,
                       (void *) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROPS(thr->heap, obj),
                       (long) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE(obj),
                       (long) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(obj),
                       (long) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj),
                       (long) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE(obj),
                       (void *) new_p,
                       (long) new_e_size_adjusted,
                       (long) new_e_next,
                       (long) new_a_size,
                       (long) new_h_size,
                       (long) abandon_array,
                       (long) new_e_size));
 
    /*
     *  All done, switch properties ('p') allocation to new one.
     */
 
    DUK_FREE(thr->heap, DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROPS(thr->heap, obj));  /* NULL obj->p is OK */
    DUK_HOBJECT_SET_PROPS(thr->heap, obj, new_p);
    DUK_HOBJECT_SET_ESIZE(obj, new_e_size_adjusted);
    DUK_HOBJECT_SET_ENEXT(obj, new_e_next);
    DUK_HOBJECT_SET_ASIZE(obj, new_a_size);
    DUK_HOBJECT_SET_HSIZE(obj, new_h_size);
 
    /* clear array part flag only after switching */
    if (abandon_array) {
        DUK_HOBJECT_CLEAR_ARRAY_PART(obj);
    }
 
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("resize result: %!O", (duk_heaphdr *) obj));
 
#ifdef DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP
    thr->heap->mark_and_sweep_base_flags = prev_mark_and_sweep_base_flags;
#endif
 
    /*
     *  Post resize assertions.
     */
 
#ifdef DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS
    /* XXX: post-checks (such as no duplicate keys) */
#endif
    return;
 
    /*
     *  Abandon array failed, need to decref keys already inserted
     *  into the beginning of new_e_k before unwinding valstack.
     */
 
 abandon_error:
 alloc_failed:
    DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("object property table resize failed"));
 
    i = new_e_next;
    while (i > 0) {
        i--;
        DUK_ASSERT(new_e_k != NULL);
        DUK_ASSERT(new_e_k[i] != NULL);
        DUK_HSTRING_DECREF(thr, new_e_k[i]);  /* side effects */
    }
 
    DUK_FREE(thr->heap, new_p);  /* OK for NULL. */
 
#ifdef DUK_USE_MARK_AND_SWEEP
    thr->heap->mark_and_sweep_base_flags = prev_mark_and_sweep_base_flags;
#endif
 
    DUK_ERROR_ALLOC_DEFMSG(thr);
}
 
/*
 *  Helpers to resize properties allocation on specific needs.
 */
 
/* Grow entry part allocation for one additional entry. */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__grow_props_for_new_entry_item(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj) {
    duk_uint32_t old_e_used;  /* actually used, non-NULL entries */
    duk_uint32_t new_e_size;
    duk_uint32_t new_a_size;
    duk_uint32_t new_h_size;
 
    DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
 
    /* Duktape 0.11.0 and prior tried to optimize the resize by not
     * counting the number of actually used keys prior to the resize.
     * This worked mostly well but also caused weird leak-like behavior
     * as in: test-bug-object-prop-alloc-unbounded.js.  So, now we count
     * the keys explicitly to compute the new entry part size.
     */
 
    old_e_used = duk__count_used_e_keys(thr, obj);
    new_e_size = old_e_used + duk__get_min_grow_e(old_e_used);
#if defined(DUK_USE_HOBJECT_HASH_PART)
    new_h_size = duk__get_default_h_size(new_e_size);
#else
    new_h_size = 0;
#endif
    new_a_size = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj);
    DUK_ASSERT(new_e_size >= old_e_used + 1);  /* duk__get_min_grow_e() is always >= 1 */
 
    duk__realloc_props(thr, obj, new_e_size, new_a_size, new_h_size, 0);
}
 
/* Grow array part for a new highest array index. */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__grow_props_for_array_item(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_uint32_t highest_arr_idx) {
    duk_uint32_t new_e_size;
    duk_uint32_t new_a_size;
    duk_uint32_t new_h_size;
 
    DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(highest_arr_idx >= DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj));
 
    /* minimum new length is highest_arr_idx + 1 */
 
    new_e_size = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE(obj);
    new_h_size = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE(obj);
    new_a_size = highest_arr_idx + duk__get_min_grow_a(highest_arr_idx);
    DUK_ASSERT(new_a_size >= highest_arr_idx + 1);  /* duk__get_min_grow_a() is always >= 1 */
 
    duk__realloc_props(thr, obj, new_e_size, new_a_size, new_h_size, 0);
}
 
/* Abandon array part, moving array entries into entries part.
 * This requires a props resize, which is a heavy operation.
 * We also compact the entries part while we're at it, although
 * this is not strictly required.
 */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__abandon_array_checked(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj) {
    duk_uint32_t new_e_size;
    duk_uint32_t new_a_size;
    duk_uint32_t new_h_size;
    duk_uint32_t e_used;  /* actually used, non-NULL keys */
    duk_uint32_t a_used;
    duk_uint32_t a_size;
 
    DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
 
    e_used = duk__count_used_e_keys(thr, obj);
    duk__compute_a_stats(thr, obj, &a_used, &a_size);
 
    /*
     *  Must guarantee all actually used array entries will fit into
     *  new entry part.  Add one growth step to ensure we don't run out
     *  of space right away.
     */
 
    new_e_size = e_used + a_used;
    new_e_size = new_e_size + duk__get_min_grow_e(new_e_size);
    new_a_size = 0;
#if defined(DUK_USE_HOBJECT_HASH_PART)
    new_h_size = duk__get_default_h_size(new_e_size);
#else
    new_h_size = 0;
#endif
 
    DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("abandon array part for hobject %p, "
                       "array stats before: e_used=%ld, a_used=%ld, a_size=%ld; "
                       "resize to e_size=%ld, a_size=%ld, h_size=%ld",
                       (void *) obj, (long) e_used, (long) a_used, (long) a_size,
                       (long) new_e_size, (long) new_a_size, (long) new_h_size));
 
    duk__realloc_props(thr, obj, new_e_size, new_a_size, new_h_size, 1);
}
 
/*
 *  Compact an object.  Minimizes allocation size for objects which are
 *  not likely to be extended.  This is useful for internal and non-
 *  extensible objects, but can also be called for non-extensible objects.
 *  May abandon the array part if it is computed to be too sparse.
 *
 *  This call is relatively expensive, as it needs to scan both the
 *  entries and the array part.
 *
 *  The call may fail due to allocation error.
 */
 
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_hobject_compact_props(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj) {
    duk_uint32_t e_size;       /* currently used -> new size */
    duk_uint32_t a_size;       /* currently required */
    duk_uint32_t a_used;       /* actually used */
    duk_uint32_t h_size;
    duk_bool_t abandon_array;
 
    DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
 
#if defined(DUK_USE_ROM_OBJECTS)
    if (DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_READONLY((duk_heaphdr *) obj)) {
        DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("ignore attempt to compact a rom object"));
        return;
    }
#endif
 
    e_size = duk__count_used_e_keys(thr, obj);
    duk__compute_a_stats(thr, obj, &a_used, &a_size);
 
    DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("compacting hobject, used e keys %ld, used a keys %ld, min a size %ld, "
                       "resized array density would be: %ld/%ld = %lf",
                       (long) e_size, (long) a_used, (long) a_size,
                       (long) a_used, (long) a_size,
                       (double) a_used / (double) a_size));
 
    if (duk__abandon_array_density_check(a_used, a_size)) {
        DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("decided to abandon array during compaction, a_used=%ld, a_size=%ld",
                           (long) a_used, (long) a_size));
        abandon_array = 1;
        e_size += a_used;
        a_size = 0;
    } else {
        DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("decided to keep array during compaction"));
        abandon_array = 0;
    }
 
#if defined(DUK_USE_HOBJECT_HASH_PART)
    if (e_size >= DUK_HOBJECT_E_USE_HASH_LIMIT) {
        h_size = duk__get_default_h_size(e_size);
    } else {
        h_size = 0;
    }
#else
    h_size = 0;
#endif
 
    DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("compacting hobject -> new e_size %ld, new a_size=%ld, new h_size=%ld, abandon_array=%ld",
                       (long) e_size, (long) a_size, (long) h_size, (long) abandon_array));
 
    duk__realloc_props(thr, obj, e_size, a_size, h_size, abandon_array);
}
 
/*
 *  Find an existing key from entry part either by linear scan or by
 *  using the hash index (if it exists).
 *
 *  Sets entry index (and possibly the hash index) to output variables,
 *  which allows the caller to update the entry and hash entries in-place.
 *  If entry is not found, both values are set to -1.  If entry is found
 *  but there is no hash part, h_idx is set to -1.
 */
 
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_hobject_find_existing_entry(duk_heap *heap, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key, duk_int_t *e_idx, duk_int_t *h_idx) {
    DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(e_idx != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(h_idx != NULL);
    DUK_UNREF(heap);
 
    if (DUK_LIKELY(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE(obj) == 0))
    {
        /* Linear scan: more likely because most objects are small.
         * This is an important fast path.
         *
         * XXX: this might be worth inlining for property lookups.
         */
        duk_uint_fast32_t i;
        duk_uint_fast32_t n;
        duk_hstring **h_keys_base;
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk_hobject_find_existing_entry() using linear scan for lookup"));
 
        h_keys_base = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY_BASE(heap, obj);
        n = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(obj);
        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            if (h_keys_base[i] == key) {
                *e_idx = i;
                *h_idx = -1;
                return;
            }
        }
    }
#if defined(DUK_USE_HOBJECT_HASH_PART)
    else
    {
        /* hash lookup */
        duk_uint32_t n;
        duk_uint32_t i, step;
        duk_uint32_t *h_base;
 
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk_hobject_find_existing_entry() using hash part for lookup"));
 
        h_base = DUK_HOBJECT_H_GET_BASE(heap, obj);
        n = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE(obj);
        i = DUK__HASH_INITIAL(DUK_HSTRING_GET_HASH(key), n);
        step = DUK__HASH_PROBE_STEP(DUK_HSTRING_GET_HASH(key));
 
        for (;;) {
            duk_uint32_t t;
 
            DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(i >= 0);  /* unsigned */
            DUK_ASSERT(i < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE(obj));
            t = h_base[i];
            DUK_ASSERT(t == DUK__HASH_UNUSED || t == DUK__HASH_DELETED ||
                       (t < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE(obj)));  /* t >= 0 always true, unsigned */
 
            if (t == DUK__HASH_UNUSED) {
                break;
            } else if (t == DUK__HASH_DELETED) {
                DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("lookup miss (deleted) i=%ld, t=%ld",
                                     (long) i, (long) t));
            } else {
                DUK_ASSERT(t < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE(obj));
                if (DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY(heap, obj, t) == key) {
                    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("lookup hit i=%ld, t=%ld -> key %p",
                                         (long) i, (long) t, (void *) key));
                    *e_idx = t;
                    *h_idx = i;
                    return;
                }
                DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("lookup miss i=%ld, t=%ld",
                                     (long) i, (long) t));
            }
            i = (i + step) % n;
 
            /* guaranteed to finish, as hash is never full */
            DUK_ASSERT(i != (duk_uint32_t) DUK__HASH_INITIAL(DUK_HSTRING_GET_HASH(key), n));
        }
    }
#endif  /* DUK_USE_HOBJECT_HASH_PART */
 
    /* not found */
    *e_idx = -1;
    *h_idx = -1;
}
 
/* For internal use: get non-accessor entry value */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_tval *duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr(duk_heap *heap, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key) {
    duk_int_t e_idx;
    duk_int_t h_idx;
 
    DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
    DUK_UNREF(heap);
 
    duk_hobject_find_existing_entry(heap, obj, key, &e_idx, &h_idx);
    if (e_idx >= 0 && !DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ACCESSOR(heap, obj, e_idx)) {
        return DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(heap, obj, e_idx);
    } else {
        return NULL;
    }
}
 
/* For internal use: get non-accessor entry value and attributes */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_tval *duk_hobject_find_existing_entry_tval_ptr_and_attrs(duk_heap *heap, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key, duk_int_t *out_attrs) {
    duk_int_t e_idx;
    duk_int_t h_idx;
 
    DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(out_attrs != NULL);
    DUK_UNREF(heap);
 
    duk_hobject_find_existing_entry(heap, obj, key, &e_idx, &h_idx);
    if (e_idx >= 0 && !DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ACCESSOR(heap, obj, e_idx)) {
        *out_attrs = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_FLAGS(heap, obj, e_idx);
        return DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(heap, obj, e_idx);
    } else {
        *out_attrs = 0;
        return NULL;
    }
}
 
/* For internal use: get array part value */
DUK_INTERNAL duk_tval *duk_hobject_find_existing_array_entry_tval_ptr(duk_heap *heap, duk_hobject *obj, duk_uarridx_t i) {
    duk_tval *tv;
 
    DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
    DUK_UNREF(heap);
 
    if (!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_ARRAY_PART(obj)) {
        return NULL;
    }
    if (i >= DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj)) {
        return NULL;
    }
    tv = DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE_PTR(heap, obj, i);
    return tv;
}
 
/*
 *  Allocate and initialize a new entry, resizing the properties allocation
 *  if necessary.  Returns entry index (e_idx) or throws an error if alloc fails.
 *
 *  Sets the key of the entry (increasing the key's refcount), and updates
 *  the hash part if it exists.  Caller must set value and flags, and update
 *  the entry value refcount.  A decref for the previous value is not necessary.
 */
 
DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__alloc_entry_checked(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key) {
    duk_uint32_t idx;
 
    DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(obj) <= DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE(obj));
 
#ifdef DUK_USE_ASSERTIONS
    /* key must not already exist in entry part */
    {
        duk_uint_fast32_t i;
        for (i = 0; i < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(obj); i++) {
            DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY(thr->heap, obj, i) != key);
        }
    }
#endif
 
    if (DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(obj) >= DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE(obj)) {
        /* only need to guarantee 1 more slot, but allocation growth is in chunks */
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("entry part full, allocate space for one more entry"));
        duk__grow_props_for_new_entry_item(thr, obj);
    }
    DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(obj) < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE(obj));
    idx = DUK_HOBJECT_POSTINC_ENEXT(obj);
 
    /* previous value is assumed to be garbage, so don't touch it */
    DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_KEY(thr->heap, obj, idx, key);
    DUK_HSTRING_INCREF(thr, key);
 
#if defined(DUK_USE_HOBJECT_HASH_PART)
    if (DUK_UNLIKELY(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE(obj) > 0)) {
        duk_uint32_t n;
        duk_uint32_t i, step;
        duk_uint32_t *h_base = DUK_HOBJECT_H_GET_BASE(thr->heap, obj);
 
        n = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE(obj);
        i = DUK__HASH_INITIAL(DUK_HSTRING_GET_HASH(key), n);
        step = DUK__HASH_PROBE_STEP(DUK_HSTRING_GET_HASH(key));
 
        for (;;) {
            duk_uint32_t t = h_base[i];
            if (t == DUK__HASH_UNUSED || t == DUK__HASH_DELETED) {
                DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk__alloc_entry_checked() inserted key into hash part, %ld -> %ld",
                                     (long) i, (long) idx));
                DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(i >= 0);  /* unsigned */
                DUK_ASSERT(i < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE(obj));
                DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(idx >= 0);
                DUK_ASSERT(idx < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE(obj));
                h_base[i] = idx;
                break;
            }
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk__alloc_entry_checked() miss %ld", (long) i));
            i = (i + step) % n;
 
            /* guaranteed to find an empty slot */
            DUK_ASSERT(i != (duk_uint32_t) DUK__HASH_INITIAL(DUK_HSTRING_GET_HASH(key), DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE(obj)));
        }
    }
#endif  /* DUK_USE_HOBJECT_HASH_PART */
 
    /* Note: we could return the hash index here too, but it's not
     * needed right now.
     */
 
    DUK_ASSERT_DISABLE(idx >= 0);
    DUK_ASSERT(idx < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ESIZE(obj));
    DUK_ASSERT(idx < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(obj));
    return idx;
}
 
/*
 *  Object internal value
 *
 *  Returned value is guaranteed to be reachable / incref'd, caller does not need
 *  to incref OR decref.  No proxies or accessors are invoked, no prototype walk.
 */
 
DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_hobject_get_internal_value(duk_heap *heap, duk_hobject *obj, duk_tval *tv_out) {
    duk_int_t e_idx;
    duk_int_t h_idx;
 
    DUK_ASSERT(heap != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(tv_out != NULL);
 
    /* always in entry part, no need to look up parents etc */
    duk_hobject_find_existing_entry(heap, obj, DUK_HEAP_STRING_INT_VALUE(heap), &e_idx, &h_idx);
    if (e_idx >= 0) {
        DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ACCESSOR(heap, obj, e_idx));
        DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(tv_out, DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(heap, obj, e_idx));
        return 1;
    }
    DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED(tv_out);
    return 0;
}
 
DUK_INTERNAL duk_hstring *duk_hobject_get_internal_value_string(duk_heap *heap, duk_hobject *obj) {
    duk_tval tv;
 
    DUK_ASSERT(heap != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
 
    /* This is not strictly necessary, but avoids compiler warnings; e.g.
     * gcc won't reliably detect that no uninitialized data is read below.
     */
    DUK_MEMZERO((void *) &tv, sizeof(duk_tval));
 
    if (duk_hobject_get_internal_value(heap, obj, &tv)) {
        duk_hstring *h;
        DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_STRING(&tv));
        h = DUK_TVAL_GET_STRING(&tv);
        return h;
    }
 
    return NULL;
}
 
/*
 *  Arguments handling helpers (argument map mainly).
 *
 *  An arguments object has exotic behavior for some numeric indices.
 *  Accesses may translate to identifier operations which may have
 *  arbitrary side effects (potentially invalidating any duk_tval
 *  pointers).
 */
 
/* Lookup 'key' from arguments internal 'map', perform a variable lookup
 * if mapped, and leave the result on top of stack (and return non-zero).
 * Used in E5 Section 10.6 algorithms [[Get]] and [[GetOwnProperty]].
 */
DUK_LOCAL
duk_bool_t duk__lookup_arguments_map(duk_hthread *thr,
                                     duk_hobject *obj,
                                     duk_hstring *key,
                                     duk_propdesc *temp_desc,
                                     duk_hobject **out_map,
                                     duk_hobject **out_varenv) {
    duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
    duk_hobject *map;
    duk_hobject *varenv;
    duk_bool_t rc;
 
    DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE);
 
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("arguments map lookup: thr=%p, obj=%p, key=%p, temp_desc=%p "
                         "(obj -> %!O, key -> %!O)",
                         (void *) thr, (void *) obj, (void *) key, (void *) temp_desc,
                         (duk_heaphdr *) obj, (duk_heaphdr *) key));
 
    if (!duk_hobject_get_own_propdesc(thr, obj, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_MAP(thr), temp_desc, DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE)) {
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> no 'map'"));
        return 0;
    }
 
    map = duk_require_hobject(ctx, -1);
    DUK_ASSERT(map != NULL);
    duk_pop(ctx);  /* map is reachable through obj */
 
    if (!duk_hobject_get_own_propdesc(thr, map, key, temp_desc, DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE)) {
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> 'map' exists, but key not in map"));
        return 0;
    }
 
    /* [... varname] */
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> 'map' exists, and contains key, key is mapped to argument/variable binding %!T",
                         (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
    DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_string(ctx, -1));  /* guaranteed when building arguments */
 
    /* get varenv for varname (callee's declarative lexical environment) */
    rc = duk_hobject_get_own_propdesc(thr, obj, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_VARENV(thr), temp_desc, DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE);
    DUK_UNREF(rc);
    DUK_ASSERT(rc != 0);  /* arguments MUST have an initialized lexical environment reference */
    varenv = duk_require_hobject(ctx, -1);
    DUK_ASSERT(varenv != NULL);
    duk_pop(ctx);  /* varenv remains reachable through 'obj' */
 
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("arguments varenv is: %!dO", (duk_heaphdr *) varenv));
 
    /* success: leave varname in stack */
    *out_map = map;
    *out_varenv = varenv;
    return 1;  /* [... varname] */
}
 
/* Lookup 'key' from arguments internal 'map', and leave replacement value
 * on stack top if mapped (and return non-zero).
 * Used in E5 Section 10.6 algorithm for [[GetOwnProperty]] (used by [[Get]]).
 */
DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__check_arguments_map_for_get(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key, duk_propdesc *temp_desc) {
    duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
    duk_hobject *map;
    duk_hobject *varenv;
    duk_hstring *varname;
 
    DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE);
 
    if (!duk__lookup_arguments_map(thr, obj, key, temp_desc, &map, &varenv)) {
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("arguments: key not mapped, no exotic get behavior"));
        return 0;
    }
 
    /* [... varname] */
 
    varname = duk_require_hstring(ctx, -1);
    DUK_ASSERT(varname != NULL);
    duk_pop(ctx);  /* varname is still reachable */
 
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("arguments object automatic getvar for a bound variable; "
                         "key=%!O, varname=%!O",
                         (duk_heaphdr *) key,
                         (duk_heaphdr *) varname));
 
    (void) duk_js_getvar_envrec(thr, varenv, varname, 1 /*throw*/);
 
    /* [... value this_binding] */
 
    duk_pop(ctx);
 
    /* leave result on stack top */
    return 1;
}
 
/* Lookup 'key' from arguments internal 'map', perform a variable write if mapped.
 * Used in E5 Section 10.6 algorithm for [[DefineOwnProperty]] (used by [[Put]]).
 * Assumes stack top contains 'put' value (which is NOT popped).
 */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__check_arguments_map_for_put(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key, duk_propdesc *temp_desc, duk_bool_t throw_flag) {
    duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
    duk_hobject *map;
    duk_hobject *varenv;
    duk_hstring *varname;
 
    DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE);
 
    if (!duk__lookup_arguments_map(thr, obj, key, temp_desc, &map, &varenv)) {
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("arguments: key not mapped, no exotic put behavior"));
        return;
    }
 
    /* [... put_value varname] */
 
    varname = duk_require_hstring(ctx, -1);
    DUK_ASSERT(varname != NULL);
    duk_pop(ctx);  /* varname is still reachable */
 
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("arguments object automatic putvar for a bound variable; "
                         "key=%!O, varname=%!O, value=%!T",
                         (duk_heaphdr *) key,
                         (duk_heaphdr *) varname,
                         (duk_tval *) duk_require_tval(ctx, -1)));
 
    /* [... put_value] */
 
    /*
     *  Note: although arguments object variable mappings are only established
     *  for non-strict functions (and a call to a non-strict function created
     *  the arguments object in question), an inner strict function may be doing
     *  the actual property write.  Hence the throw_flag applied here comes from
     *  the property write call.
     */
 
    duk_js_putvar_envrec(thr, varenv, varname, duk_require_tval(ctx, -1), throw_flag);
 
    /* [... put_value] */
}
 
/* Lookup 'key' from arguments internal 'map', delete mapping if found.
 * Used in E5 Section 10.6 algorithm for [[Delete]].  Note that the
 * variable/argument itself (where the map points) is not deleted.
 */
DUK_LOCAL void duk__check_arguments_map_for_delete(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key, duk_propdesc *temp_desc) {
    duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
    duk_hobject *map;
 
    DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE);
 
    if (!duk_hobject_get_own_propdesc(thr, obj, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_INT_MAP(thr), temp_desc, DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE)) {
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("arguments: key not mapped, no exotic delete behavior"));
        return;
    }
 
    map = duk_require_hobject(ctx, -1);
    DUK_ASSERT(map != NULL);
    duk_pop(ctx);  /* map is reachable through obj */
 
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> have 'map', delete key %!O from map (if exists)); ignore result",
                         (duk_heaphdr *) key));
 
    /* Note: no recursion issue, we can trust 'map' to behave */
    DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_BEHAVIOR(map));
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("map before deletion: %!O", (duk_heaphdr *) map));
    (void) duk_hobject_delprop_raw(thr, map, key, 0);  /* ignore result */
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("map after deletion: %!O", (duk_heaphdr *) map));
}
 
/*
 *  Ecmascript compliant [[GetOwnProperty]](P), for internal use only.
 *
 *  If property is found:
 *    - Fills descriptor fields to 'out_desc'
 *    - If DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE is set, pushes a value related to the
 *      property onto the stack ('undefined' for accessor properties).
 *    - Returns non-zero
 *
 *  If property is not found:
 *    - 'out_desc' is left in untouched state (possibly garbage)
 *    - Nothing is pushed onto the stack (not even with DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE
 *      set)
 *    - Returns zero
 *
 *  Notes:
 *
 *    - Getting a property descriptor may cause an allocation (and hence
 *      GC) to take place, hence reachability and refcount of all related
 *      values matter.  Reallocation of value stack, properties, etc may
 *      invalidate many duk_tval pointers (concretely, those which reside
 *      in memory areas subject to reallocation).  However, heap object
 *      pointers are never affected (heap objects have stable pointers).
 *
 *    - The value of a plain property is always reachable and has a non-zero
 *      reference count.
 *
 *    - The value of a virtual property is not necessarily reachable from
 *      elsewhere and may have a refcount of zero.  Hence we push it onto
 *      the valstack for the caller, which ensures it remains reachable
 *      while it is needed.
 *
 *    - There are no virtual accessor properties.  Hence, all getters and
 *      setters are always related to concretely stored properties, which
 *      ensures that the get/set functions in the resulting descriptor are
 *      reachable and have non-zero refcounts.  Should there be virtual
 *      accessor properties later, this would need to change.
 */
 
DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__get_own_propdesc_raw(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key, duk_uint32_t arr_idx, duk_propdesc *out_desc, duk_small_uint_t flags) {
    duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
    duk_tval *tv;
 
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk_hobject_get_own_propdesc: thr=%p, obj=%p, key=%p, out_desc=%p, flags=%lx, "
                         "arr_idx=%ld (obj -> %!O, key -> %!O)",
                         (void *) thr, (void *) obj, (void *) key, (void *) out_desc,
                         (long) flags, (long) arr_idx,
                         (duk_heaphdr *) obj, (duk_heaphdr *) key));
 
    DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(out_desc != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE);
 
    /* XXX: optimize this filling behavior later */
    out_desc->flags = 0;
    out_desc->get = NULL;
    out_desc->set = NULL;
    out_desc->e_idx = -1;
    out_desc->h_idx = -1;
    out_desc->a_idx = -1;
 
    /*
     *  Array part
     */
 
    if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_ARRAY_PART(obj) && arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX) {
        if (arr_idx < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj)) {
            tv = DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE_PTR(thr->heap, obj, arr_idx);
            if (!DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(tv)) {
                DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> found in array part"));
                if (flags & DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE) {
                    duk_push_tval(ctx, tv);
                }
                /* implicit attributes */
                out_desc->flags = DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE |
                                  DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE |
                                  DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ENUMERABLE;
                out_desc->a_idx = arr_idx;
                goto prop_found;
            }
        }
        /* assume array part is comprehensive (contains all array indexed elements
         * or none of them); hence no need to check the entries part here.
         */
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> not found as a concrete property (has array part, "
                             "should be there if present)"));
        goto prop_not_found_concrete;
    }
 
    /*
     *  Entries part
     */
 
    duk_hobject_find_existing_entry(thr->heap, obj, key, &out_desc->e_idx, &out_desc->h_idx);
    if (out_desc->e_idx >= 0) {
        duk_int_t e_idx = out_desc->e_idx;
        out_desc->flags = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_FLAGS(thr->heap, obj, e_idx);
        if (out_desc->flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR) {
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> found accessor property in entry part"));
            out_desc->get = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_GETTER(thr->heap, obj, e_idx);
            out_desc->set = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_SETTER(thr->heap, obj, e_idx);
            if (flags & DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE) {
                /* a dummy undefined value is pushed to make valstack
                 * behavior uniform for caller
                 */
                duk_push_undefined(ctx);
            }
        } else {
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> found plain property in entry part"));
            tv = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(thr->heap, obj, e_idx);
            if (flags & DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE) {
                duk_push_tval(ctx, tv);
            }
        }
        goto prop_found;
    }
 
    /*
     *  Not found as a concrete property, check whether a String object
     *  virtual property matches.
     */
 
 prop_not_found_concrete:
 
    if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_STRINGOBJ(obj)) {
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("string object exotic property get for key: %!O, arr_idx: %ld",
                             (duk_heaphdr *) key, (long) arr_idx));
 
        if (arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX) {
            duk_hstring *h_val;
 
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("array index exists"));
 
            h_val = duk_hobject_get_internal_value_string(thr->heap, obj);
            DUK_ASSERT(h_val);
            if (arr_idx < DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(h_val)) {
                DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> found, array index inside string"));
                if (flags & DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE) {
                    duk_push_hstring(ctx, h_val);
                    duk_substring(ctx, -1, arr_idx, arr_idx + 1);  /* [str] -> [substr] */
                }
                out_desc->flags = DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ENUMERABLE |  /* E5 Section 15.5.5.2 */
                                  DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_VIRTUAL;
 
                DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARGUMENTS(obj));
                return 1;  /* cannot be e.g. arguments exotic, since exotic 'traits' are mutually exclusive */
            } else {
                /* index is above internal string length -> property is fully normal */
                DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("array index outside string -> normal property"));
            }
        } else if (key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LENGTH(thr)) {
            duk_hstring *h_val;
 
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> found, key is 'length', length exotic behavior"));
 
            h_val = duk_hobject_get_internal_value_string(thr->heap, obj);
            DUK_ASSERT(h_val != NULL);
            if (flags & DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE) {
                duk_push_uint(ctx, (duk_uint_t) DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(h_val));
            }
            out_desc->flags = DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_VIRTUAL;  /* E5 Section 15.5.5.1 */
 
            DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARGUMENTS(obj));
            return 1;  /* cannot be arguments exotic */
        }
    } else if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_BUFFEROBJECT(obj)) {
        duk_hbufferobject *h_bufobj;
        duk_uint_t byte_off;
        duk_small_uint_t elem_size;
 
        h_bufobj = (duk_hbufferobject *) obj;
        DUK_ASSERT_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID(h_bufobj);
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("bufferobject property get for key: %!O, arr_idx: %ld",
                             (duk_heaphdr *) key, (long) arr_idx));
 
        if (arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX) {
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("array index exists"));
 
            /* Careful with wrapping: arr_idx upshift may easily wrap, whereas
             * length downshift won't.
             */
            if (arr_idx < (h_bufobj->length >> h_bufobj->shift)) {
                byte_off = arr_idx << h_bufobj->shift;  /* no wrap assuming h_bufobj->length is valid */
                elem_size = 1 << h_bufobj->shift;
                if (flags & DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE) {
                    duk_uint8_t *data;
 
                    if (h_bufobj->buf != NULL && DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID_BYTEOFFSET_EXCL(h_bufobj, byte_off + elem_size)) {
                        data = (duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, h_bufobj->buf) + h_bufobj->offset + byte_off;
                        duk_hbufferobject_push_validated_read(ctx, h_bufobj, data, elem_size);
                    } else {
                        DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("bufferobject access out of underlying buffer, ignoring (read zero)"));
                        duk_push_uint(ctx, 0);
                    }
                }
                out_desc->flags = DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE |
                                  DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ENUMERABLE |
                                  DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_VIRTUAL;
 
                DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARGUMENTS(obj));
                return 1;  /* cannot be e.g. arguments exotic, since exotic 'traits' are mutually exclusive */
            } else {
                /* index is above internal buffer length -> property is fully normal */
                DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("array index outside buffer -> normal property"));
            }
        } else if (key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LENGTH(thr)) {
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> found, key is 'length', length exotic behavior"));
 
            if (flags & DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE) {
                /* Length in elements: take into account shift, but
                 * intentionally don't check the underlying buffer here.
                 */
                duk_push_uint(ctx, h_bufobj->length >> h_bufobj->shift);
            }
            out_desc->flags = DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_VIRTUAL;
 
            DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARGUMENTS(obj));
            return 1;  /* cannot be arguments exotic */
        } else if (key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_BYTE_LENGTH(thr)) {
            /* If neutered must return 0; length is zeroed during
             * neutering.
             */
            if (flags & DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE) {
                duk_push_uint(ctx, h_bufobj->length);
            }
            out_desc->flags = DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_VIRTUAL;
            return 1;  /* cannot be arguments exotic */
        } else if (key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_BYTE_OFFSET(thr)) {
            /* If neutered must return 0; offset is zeroed during
             * neutering.
             */
            if (flags & DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE) {
                duk_push_uint(ctx, h_bufobj->offset);
            }
            out_desc->flags = DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_VIRTUAL;
            return 1;  /* cannot be arguments exotic */
        } else if (key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_BYTES_PER_ELEMENT(thr)) {
            if (flags & DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE) {
                duk_push_uint(ctx, 1 << h_bufobj->shift);
            }
            out_desc->flags = DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_VIRTUAL;
            return 1;  /* cannot be arguments exotic */
        }
    } else if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_DUKFUNC(obj)) {
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duktape/c object exotic property get for key: %!O, arr_idx: %ld",
                             (duk_heaphdr *) key, (long) arr_idx));
 
        if (key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LENGTH(thr)) {
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> found, key is 'length', length exotic behavior"));
 
            if (flags & DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE) {
                duk_int16_t func_nargs = ((duk_hnativefunction *) obj)->nargs;
                duk_push_int(ctx, func_nargs == DUK_HNATIVEFUNCTION_NARGS_VARARGS ? 0 : func_nargs);
            }
            out_desc->flags = DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_VIRTUAL;  /* not enumerable */
 
            DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARGUMENTS(obj));
            return 1;  /* cannot be arguments exotic */
        }
    }
 
    /* Array properties have exotic behavior but they are concrete,
     * so no special handling here.
     *
     * Arguments exotic behavior (E5 Section 10.6, [[GetOwnProperty]]
     * is only relevant as a post-check implemented below; hence no
     * check here.
     */
 
    /*
     *  Not found as concrete or virtual
     */
 
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> not found (virtual, entry part, or array part)"));
    return 0;
 
    /*
     *  Found
     *
     *  Arguments object has exotic post-processing, see E5 Section 10.6,
     *  description of [[GetOwnProperty]] variant for arguments.
     */
 
 prop_found:
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> property found, checking for arguments exotic post-behavior"));
 
    /* Notes:
     *  - only numbered indices are relevant, so arr_idx fast reject is good
     *    (this is valid unless there are more than 4**32-1 arguments).
     *  - since variable lookup has no side effects, this can be skipped if
     *    DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE is not set.
     */
 
    if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARGUMENTS(obj) &&
        arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX &&
        (flags & DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE)) {
        duk_propdesc temp_desc;
 
        /* Magically bound variable cannot be an accessor.  However,
         * there may be an accessor property (or a plain property) in
         * place with magic behavior removed.  This happens e.g. when
         * a magic property is redefined with defineProperty().
         * Cannot assert for "not accessor" here.
         */
 
        /* replaces top of stack with new value if necessary */
        DUK_ASSERT((flags & DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE) != 0);
 
        if (duk__check_arguments_map_for_get(thr, obj, key, &temp_desc)) {
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> arguments exotic behavior overrides result: %!T -> %!T",
                                 (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -2),
                                 (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
            /* [... old_result result] -> [... result] */
            duk_remove(ctx, -2);
        }
    }
 
    return 1;
}
 
DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_hobject_get_own_propdesc(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key, duk_propdesc *out_desc, duk_small_uint_t flags) {
    DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(out_desc != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE);
 
    return duk__get_own_propdesc_raw(thr, obj, key, DUK_HSTRING_GET_ARRIDX_SLOW(key), out_desc, flags);
}
 
/*
 *  Ecmascript compliant [[GetProperty]](P), for internal use only.
 *
 *  If property is found:
 *    - Fills descriptor fields to 'out_desc'
 *    - If DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE is set, pushes a value related to the
 *      property onto the stack ('undefined' for accessor properties).
 *    - Returns non-zero
 *
 *  If property is not found:
 *    - 'out_desc' is left in untouched state (possibly garbage)
 *    - Nothing is pushed onto the stack (not even with DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE
 *      set)
 *    - Returns zero
 *
 *  May cause arbitrary side effects and invalidate (most) duk_tval
 *  pointers.
 */
 
DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__get_propdesc(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key, duk_propdesc *out_desc, duk_small_uint_t flags) {
    duk_hobject *curr;
    duk_uint32_t arr_idx;
    duk_uint_t sanity;
 
    DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(out_desc != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE);
 
    arr_idx = DUK_HSTRING_GET_ARRIDX_FAST(key);
 
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk__get_propdesc: thr=%p, obj=%p, key=%p, out_desc=%p, flags=%lx, "
                         "arr_idx=%ld (obj -> %!O, key -> %!O)",
                         (void *) thr, (void *) obj, (void *) key, (void *) out_desc,
                         (long) flags, (long) arr_idx,
                         (duk_heaphdr *) obj, (duk_heaphdr *) key));
 
    curr = obj;
    DUK_ASSERT(curr != NULL);
    sanity = DUK_HOBJECT_PROTOTYPE_CHAIN_SANITY;
    do {
        if (duk__get_own_propdesc_raw(thr, curr, key, arr_idx, out_desc, flags)) {
            /* stack contains value (if requested), 'out_desc' is set */
            return 1;
        }
 
        /* not found in 'curr', next in prototype chain; impose max depth */
        if (sanity-- == 0) {
            if (flags & DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_IGNORE_PROTOLOOP) {
                /* treat like property not found */
                break;
            } else {
                DUK_ERROR_RANGE(thr, DUK_STR_PROTOTYPE_CHAIN_LIMIT);
            }
        }
        curr = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROTOTYPE(thr->heap, curr);
    } while (curr);
 
    /* out_desc is left untouched (possibly garbage), caller must use return
     * value to determine whether out_desc can be looked up
     */
 
    return 0;
}
 
/*
 *  Shallow fast path checks for accessing array elements with numeric
 *  indices.  The goal is to try to avoid coercing an array index to an
 *  (interned) string for the most common lookups, in particular, for
 *  standard Array objects.
 *
 *  Interning is avoided but only for a very narrow set of cases:
 *    - Object has array part, index is within array allocation, and
 *      value is not unused (= key exists)
 *    - Object has no interfering exotic behavior (e.g. arguments or
 *      string object exotic behaviors interfere, array exotic
 *      behavior does not).
 *
 *  Current shortcoming: if key does not exist (even if it is within
 *  the array allocation range) a slow path lookup with interning is
 *  always required.  This can probably be fixed so that there is a
 *  quick fast path for non-existent elements as well, at least for
 *  standard Array objects.
 */
 
DUK_LOCAL duk_tval *duk__getprop_shallow_fastpath_array_tval(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_tval *tv_key) {
    duk_tval *tv;
    duk_uint32_t idx;
 
    DUK_UNREF(thr);
 
    if (!(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_ARRAY_PART(obj) &&
         !DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARGUMENTS(obj) &&
         !DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_STRINGOBJ(obj) &&
         !DUK_HOBJECT_IS_BUFFEROBJECT(obj) &&
         !DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_PROXYOBJ(obj))) {
        /* Must have array part and no conflicting exotic behaviors.
         * Doesn't need to have array special behavior, e.g. Arguments
         * object has array part.
         */
        return NULL;
    }
 
    /* Arrays never have other exotic behaviors. */
 
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("fast path attempt (no exotic string/arguments/buffer "
                         "behavior, object has array part)"));
 
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
    if (DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(tv_key)) {
        idx = duk__tval_fastint_to_arr_idx(tv_key);
    } else
#endif
    if (DUK_TVAL_IS_DOUBLE(tv_key)) {
        idx = duk__tval_number_to_arr_idx(tv_key);
    } else {
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("key is not a number"));
        return NULL;
    }
 
    /* If index is not valid, idx will be DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX which
     * is 0xffffffffUL.  We don't need to check for that explicitly
     * because 0xffffffffUL will never be inside object 'a_size'.
     */
 
    if (idx >= DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj)) {
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("key is not an array index or outside array part"));
        return NULL;
    }
    DUK_ASSERT(idx != 0xffffffffUL);
    DUK_ASSERT(idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX);
 
    /* XXX: for array instances we could take a shortcut here and assume
     * Array.prototype doesn't contain an array index property.
     */
 
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("key is a valid array index and inside array part"));
    tv = DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE_PTR(thr->heap, obj, idx);
    if (!DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(tv)) {
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> fast path successful"));
        return tv;
    }
 
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("fast path attempt failed, fall back to slow path"));
    return NULL;
}
 
DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__putprop_shallow_fastpath_array_tval(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_tval *tv_key, duk_tval *tv_val, duk_propdesc *temp_desc) {
    duk_tval *tv;
    duk_uint32_t idx;
    duk_uint32_t old_len, new_len;
 
    if (!(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARRAY(obj) &&
          DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_ARRAY_PART(obj) &&
          DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXTENSIBLE(obj))) {
        return 0;
    }
    DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_READONLY((duk_heaphdr *) obj));  /* caller ensures */
 
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
    if (DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(tv_key)) {
        idx = duk__tval_fastint_to_arr_idx(tv_key);
    } else
#endif
    if (DUK_TVAL_IS_DOUBLE(tv_key)) {
        idx = duk__tval_number_to_arr_idx(tv_key);
    } else {
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("key is not a number"));
        return 0;
    }
 
    /* If index is not valid, idx will be DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX which
     * is 0xffffffffUL.  We don't need to check for that explicitly
     * because 0xffffffffUL will never be inside object 'a_size'.
     */
 
    if (idx >= DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj)) {  /* for resizing of array part, use slow path */
        return 0;
    }
    DUK_ASSERT(idx != 0xffffffffUL);
    DUK_ASSERT(idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX);
 
    old_len = duk__get_old_array_length(thr, obj, temp_desc);
 
    if (idx >= old_len) {
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("write new array entry requires length update "
                             "(arr_idx=%ld, old_len=%ld)",
                             (long) idx, (long) old_len));
        if (!(temp_desc->flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE)) {
            DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_NOT_WRITABLE);
            return 0;  /* not reachable */
        }
        new_len = idx + 1;
 
        /* No resize has occurred so temp_desc->e_idx is still OK */
        tv = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(thr->heap, obj, temp_desc->e_idx);
        DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv));
        DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_U32(tv, new_len);  /* no need for decref/incref because value is a number */
    } else {
        ;
    }
 
    tv = DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE_PTR(thr->heap, obj, idx);
    DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF(thr, tv, tv_val);  /* side effects */
 
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("array fast path success for index %ld", (long) idx));
    return 1;
}
 
/*
 *  Fast path for bufferobject getprop/putprop
 */
 
DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__getprop_fastpath_bufobj_tval(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_tval *tv_key) {
    duk_context *ctx;
    duk_uint32_t idx;
    duk_hbufferobject *h_bufobj;
    duk_uint_t byte_off;
    duk_small_uint_t elem_size;
    duk_uint8_t *data;
 
    ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
 
    if (!DUK_HOBJECT_IS_BUFFEROBJECT(obj)) {
        return 0;
    }
    h_bufobj = (duk_hbufferobject *) obj;
 
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
    if (DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(tv_key)) {
        idx = duk__tval_fastint_to_arr_idx(tv_key);
    } else
#endif
    if (DUK_TVAL_IS_DOUBLE(tv_key)) {
        idx = duk__tval_number_to_arr_idx(tv_key);
    } else {
        return 0;
    }
 
    /* If index is not valid, idx will be DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX which
     * is 0xffffffffUL.  We don't need to check for that explicitly
     * because 0xffffffffUL will never be inside bufferobject length.
     */
 
    /* Careful with wrapping (left shifting idx would be unsafe). */
    if (idx >= (h_bufobj->length >> h_bufobj->shift)) {
        return 0;
    }
    DUK_ASSERT(idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX);
 
    byte_off = idx << h_bufobj->shift;  /* no wrap assuming h_bufobj->length is valid */
    elem_size = 1 << h_bufobj->shift;
 
    if (h_bufobj->buf != NULL && DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID_BYTEOFFSET_EXCL(h_bufobj, byte_off + elem_size)) {
        data = (duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, h_bufobj->buf) + h_bufobj->offset + byte_off;
        duk_hbufferobject_push_validated_read(ctx, h_bufobj, data, elem_size);
    } else {
        DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("bufferobject access out of underlying buffer, ignoring (read zero)"));
        duk_push_uint(ctx, 0);
    }
 
    return 1;
}
 
DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__putprop_fastpath_bufobj_tval(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_tval *tv_key, duk_tval *tv_val) {
    duk_context *ctx;
    duk_uint32_t idx;
    duk_hbufferobject *h_bufobj;
    duk_uint_t byte_off;
    duk_small_uint_t elem_size;
    duk_uint8_t *data;
 
    ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
 
    if (!(DUK_HOBJECT_IS_BUFFEROBJECT(obj) &&
          DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv_val))) {
        return 0;
    }
    DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_READONLY((duk_heaphdr *) obj));  /* caller ensures; rom objects are never bufferobjects now */
 
    h_bufobj = (duk_hbufferobject *) obj;
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
    if (DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(tv_key)) {
        idx = duk__tval_fastint_to_arr_idx(tv_key);
    } else
#endif
    if (DUK_TVAL_IS_DOUBLE(tv_key)) {
        idx = duk__tval_number_to_arr_idx(tv_key);
    } else {
        return 0;
    }
 
    /* If index is not valid, idx will be DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX which
     * is 0xffffffffUL.  We don't need to check for that explicitly
     * because 0xffffffffUL will never be inside bufferobject length.
     */
 
    /* Careful with wrapping (left shifting idx would be unsafe). */
    if (idx >= (h_bufobj->length >> h_bufobj->shift)) {
        return 0;
    }
    DUK_ASSERT(idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX);
 
    byte_off = idx << h_bufobj->shift;  /* no wrap assuming h_bufobj->length is valid */
    elem_size = 1 << h_bufobj->shift;
 
    /* Value is required to be a number in the fast path so there
     * are no side effects in write coercion.
     */
    duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_val);
    DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_number(ctx, -1));
 
    if (h_bufobj->buf != NULL && DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID_BYTEOFFSET_EXCL(h_bufobj, byte_off + elem_size)) {
        data = (duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, h_bufobj->buf) + h_bufobj->offset + byte_off;
        duk_hbufferobject_validated_write(ctx, h_bufobj, data, elem_size);
    } else {
        DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("bufferobject access out of underlying buffer, ignoring (write skipped)"));
    }
 
    duk_pop(ctx);
    return 1;
}
 
/*
 *  GETPROP: Ecmascript property read.
 */
 
DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_hobject_getprop(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv_obj, duk_tval *tv_key) {
    duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
    duk_tval tv_obj_copy;
    duk_tval tv_key_copy;
    duk_hobject *curr = NULL;
    duk_hstring *key = NULL;
    duk_uint32_t arr_idx = DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX;
    duk_propdesc desc;
    duk_uint_t sanity;
 
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("getprop: thr=%p, obj=%p, key=%p (obj -> %!T, key -> %!T)",
                         (void *) thr, (void *) tv_obj, (void *) tv_key,
                         (duk_tval *) tv_obj, (duk_tval *) tv_key));
 
    DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(tv_obj != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(tv_key != NULL);
 
    DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE);
 
    /*
     *  Make a copy of tv_obj, tv_key, and tv_val to avoid any issues of
     *  them being invalidated by a valstack resize.
     *
     *  XXX: this is now an overkill for many fast paths.  Rework this
     *  to be faster (although switching to a valstack discipline might
     *  be a better solution overall).
     */
 
    DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv_obj_copy, tv_obj);
    DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv_key_copy, tv_key);
    tv_obj = &tv_obj_copy;
    tv_key = &tv_key_copy;
 
    /*
     *  Coercion and fast path processing
     */
 
    switch (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG(tv_obj)) {
    case DUK_TAG_UNDEFINED:
    case DUK_TAG_NULL: {
        /* Note: unconditional throw */
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object is undefined or null -> reject"));
#if defined(DUK_USE_PARANOID_ERRORS)
        DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_BASE);
#else
        DUK_ERROR_FMT2(thr, DUK_ERR_TYPE_ERROR, "cannot read property %s of %s",
                       duk_push_string_tval_readable(ctx, tv_key), duk_push_string_tval_readable(ctx, tv_obj));
#endif
        return 0;
    }
 
    case DUK_TAG_BOOLEAN: {
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object is a boolean, start lookup from boolean prototype"));
        curr = thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_BOOLEAN_PROTOTYPE];
        break;
    }
 
    case DUK_TAG_STRING: {
        duk_hstring *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_STRING(tv_obj);
        duk_int_t pop_count;
 
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
        if (DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(tv_key)) {
            arr_idx = duk__tval_fastint_to_arr_idx(tv_key);
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object string, key is a fast-path fastint; arr_idx %ld", (long) arr_idx));
            pop_count = 0;
        } else
#endif
        if (DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv_key)) {
            arr_idx = duk__tval_number_to_arr_idx(tv_key);
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object string, key is a fast-path number; arr_idx %ld", (long) arr_idx));
            pop_count = 0;
        } else {
            arr_idx = duk__push_tval_to_hstring_arr_idx(ctx, tv_key, &key);
            DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object string, key is a non-fast-path number; after "
                                 "coercion key is %!T, arr_idx %ld",
                                 (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1), (long) arr_idx));
            pop_count = 1;
        }
 
        if (arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX &&
            arr_idx < DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(h)) {
            duk_pop_n(ctx, pop_count);
            duk_push_hstring(ctx, h);
            duk_substring(ctx, -1, arr_idx, arr_idx + 1);  /* [str] -> [substr] */
 
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> %!T (base is string, key is an index inside string length "
                                 "after coercion -> return char)",
                                 (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
            return 1;
        }
 
        if (pop_count == 0) {
            /* This is a pretty awkward control flow, but we need to recheck the
             * key coercion here.
             */
            arr_idx = duk__push_tval_to_hstring_arr_idx(ctx, tv_key, &key);
            DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object string, key is a non-fast-path number; after "
                                 "coercion key is %!T, arr_idx %ld",
                                 (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1), (long) arr_idx));
        }
 
        if (key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LENGTH(thr)) {
            duk_pop(ctx);  /* [key] -> [] */
            duk_push_uint(ctx, (duk_uint_t) DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(h));  /* [] -> [res] */
 
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> %!T (base is string, key is 'length' after coercion -> "
                                 "return string length)",
                                 (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
            return 1;
        }
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object is a string, start lookup from string prototype"));
        curr = thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_STRING_PROTOTYPE];
        goto lookup;  /* avoid double coercion */
    }
 
    case DUK_TAG_OBJECT: {
        duk_tval *tmp;
 
        curr = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv_obj);
        DUK_ASSERT(curr != NULL);
 
        tmp = duk__getprop_shallow_fastpath_array_tval(thr, curr, tv_key);
        if (tmp) {
            duk_push_tval(ctx, tmp);
 
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> %!T (base is object, key is a number, array part "
                                 "fast path)",
                                 (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
            return 1;
        }
 
        if (duk__getprop_fastpath_bufobj_tval(thr, curr, tv_key) != 0) {
            /* Read value pushed on stack. */
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> %!T (base is bufobj, key is a number, bufferobject "
                                 "fast path)",
                                 (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
            return 1;
        }
 
#if defined(DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY)
        if (DUK_UNLIKELY(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_PROXYOBJ(curr))) {
            duk_hobject *h_target;
 
            if (duk__proxy_check_prop(thr, curr, DUK_STRIDX_GET, tv_key, &h_target)) {
                /* -> [ ... trap handler ] */
                DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> proxy object 'get' for key %!T", (duk_tval *) tv_key));
                duk_push_hobject(ctx, h_target);  /* target */
                duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_key);       /* P */
                duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_obj);       /* Receiver: Proxy object */
                duk_call_method(ctx, 3 /*nargs*/);
 
                /* Target object must be checked for a conflicting
                 * non-configurable property.
                 */
                arr_idx = duk__push_tval_to_hstring_arr_idx(ctx, tv_key, &key);
                DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
 
                if (duk__get_own_propdesc_raw(thr, h_target, key, arr_idx, &desc, DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE)) {
                    duk_tval *tv_hook = duk_require_tval(ctx, -3);  /* value from hook */
                    duk_tval *tv_targ = duk_require_tval(ctx, -1);  /* value from target */
                    duk_bool_t datadesc_reject;
                    duk_bool_t accdesc_reject;
 
                    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("proxy 'get': target has matching property %!O, check for "
                                         "conflicting property; tv_hook=%!T, tv_targ=%!T, desc.flags=0x%08lx, "
                                         "desc.get=%p, desc.set=%p",
                                         (duk_heaphdr *) key, (duk_tval *) tv_hook, (duk_tval *) tv_targ,
                                         (unsigned long) desc.flags,
                                         (void *) desc.get, (void *) desc.set));
 
                    datadesc_reject = !(desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR) &&
                                      !(desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE) &&
                                      !(desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE) &&
                                      !duk_js_samevalue(tv_hook, tv_targ);
                    accdesc_reject = (desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR) &&
                                     !(desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE) &&
                                     (desc.get == NULL) &&
                                     !DUK_TVAL_IS_UNDEFINED(tv_hook);
                    if (datadesc_reject || accdesc_reject) {
                        DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_PROXY_REJECTED);
                    }
 
                    duk_pop_2(ctx);
                } else {
                    duk_pop(ctx);
                }
                return 1;  /* return value */
            }
 
            curr = h_target;  /* resume lookup from target */
            DUK_TVAL_SET_OBJECT(tv_obj, curr);
        }
#endif  /* DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY */
 
        if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARGUMENTS(curr)) {
            arr_idx = duk__push_tval_to_hstring_arr_idx(ctx, tv_key, &key);
            DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
 
            if (duk__check_arguments_map_for_get(thr, curr, key, &desc)) {
                DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> %!T (base is object with arguments exotic behavior, "
                                     "key matches magically bound property -> skip standard "
                                     "Get with replacement value)",
                                     (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
 
                /* no need for 'caller' post-check, because 'key' must be an array index */
 
                duk_remove(ctx, -2);  /* [key result] -> [result] */
                return 1;
            }
 
            goto lookup;  /* avoid double coercion */
        }
        break;
    }
 
    /* Buffer has virtual properties similar to string, but indexed values
     * are numbers, not 1-byte buffers/strings which would perform badly.
     */
    case DUK_TAG_BUFFER: {
        duk_hbuffer *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_BUFFER(tv_obj);
        duk_int_t pop_count;
 
        /*
         *  Because buffer values are often looped over, a number fast path
         *  is important.
         */
 
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
        if (DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(tv_key)) {
            arr_idx = duk__tval_fastint_to_arr_idx(tv_key);
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object buffer, key is a fast-path fastint; arr_idx %ld", (long) arr_idx));
            pop_count = 0;
        }
        else
#endif
        if (DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv_key)) {
            arr_idx = duk__tval_number_to_arr_idx(tv_key);
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object buffer, key is a fast-path number; arr_idx %ld", (long) arr_idx));
            pop_count = 0;
        } else {
            arr_idx = duk__push_tval_to_hstring_arr_idx(ctx, tv_key, &key);
            DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object buffer, key is a non-fast-path number; after "
                                 "coercion key is %!T, arr_idx %ld",
                                 (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1), (long) arr_idx));
            pop_count = 1;
        }
 
        if (arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX &&
            arr_idx < DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(h)) {
            duk_pop_n(ctx, pop_count);
            duk_push_uint(ctx, ((duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, h))[arr_idx]);
 
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> %!T (base is buffer, key is an index inside buffer length "
                                 "after coercion -> return byte as number)",
                                 (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
            return 1;
        }
 
        if (pop_count == 0) {
            /* This is a pretty awkward control flow, but we need to recheck the
             * key coercion here.
             */
            arr_idx = duk__push_tval_to_hstring_arr_idx(ctx, tv_key, &key);
            DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object buffer, key is a non-fast-path number; after "
                                 "coercion key is %!T, arr_idx %ld",
                                 (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1), (long) arr_idx));
        }
 
        if (key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LENGTH(thr) ||
            key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_BYTE_LENGTH(thr)) {
            duk_pop(ctx);  /* [key] -> [] */
            duk_push_uint(ctx, (duk_uint_t) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(h));  /* [] -> [res] */
 
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> %!T (base is buffer, key is 'length' or 'byteLength' "
                                 "after coercion -> return buffer length)",
                                 (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
            return 1;
        } else if (key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_BYTE_OFFSET(thr)) {
            duk_pop(ctx);  /* [key] -> [] */
            duk_push_uint(ctx, 0);  /* [] -> [res] */
 
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> %!T (base is buffer, key is 'byteOffset' after coercion -> "
                                 "return 0 for consistency with Buffer objects)",
                                 (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
            return 1;
        } else if (key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_BYTES_PER_ELEMENT(thr)) {
            duk_pop(ctx);  /* [key] -> [] */
            duk_push_uint(ctx, 1);  /* [] -> [res] */
 
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> %!T (base is buffer, key is 'BYTES_PER_ELEMENT' after coercion -> "
                                 "return 1 for consistency with Buffer objects)",
                                 (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
            return 1;
        }
 
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object is a buffer, start lookup from buffer prototype"));
        curr = thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_BUFFER_PROTOTYPE];
        goto lookup;  /* avoid double coercion */
    }
 
    case DUK_TAG_POINTER: {
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object is a pointer, start lookup from pointer prototype"));
        curr = thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_POINTER_PROTOTYPE];
        break;
    }
 
    case DUK_TAG_LIGHTFUNC: {
        duk_int_t lf_flags = DUK_TVAL_GET_LIGHTFUNC_FLAGS(tv_obj);
 
        /* Must coerce key: if key is an object, it may coerce to e.g. 'length'. */
        arr_idx = duk__push_tval_to_hstring_arr_idx(ctx, tv_key, &key);
 
        if (key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LENGTH(thr)) {
            duk_int_t lf_len = DUK_LFUNC_FLAGS_GET_LENGTH(lf_flags);
            duk_pop(ctx);
            duk_push_int(ctx, lf_len);
            return 1;
        } else if (key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_NAME(thr)) {
            duk_pop(ctx);
            duk_push_lightfunc_name(ctx, tv_obj);
            return 1;
        }
 
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object is a lightfunc, start lookup from function prototype"));
        curr = thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_FUNCTION_PROTOTYPE];
        goto lookup;  /* avoid double coercion */
    }
 
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
    case DUK_TAG_FASTINT:
#endif
    default: {
        /* number */
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object is a number, start lookup from number prototype"));
        DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(tv_obj));
        DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv_obj));
        curr = thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_NUMBER_PROTOTYPE];
        break;
    }
    }
 
    /* key coercion (unless already coerced above) */
    DUK_ASSERT(key == NULL);
    arr_idx = duk__push_tval_to_hstring_arr_idx(ctx, tv_key, &key);
    DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
 
    /*
     *  Property lookup
     */
 
 lookup:
    /* [key] (coerced) */
    DUK_ASSERT(curr != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
 
    sanity = DUK_HOBJECT_PROTOTYPE_CHAIN_SANITY;
    do {
        if (!duk__get_own_propdesc_raw(thr, curr, key, arr_idx, &desc, DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE)) {
            goto next_in_chain;
        }
 
        if (desc.get != NULL) {
            /* accessor with defined getter */
            DUK_ASSERT((desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR) != 0);
 
            duk_pop(ctx);                     /* [key undefined] -> [key] */
            duk_push_hobject(ctx, desc.get);
            duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_obj);       /* note: original, uncoerced base */
#ifdef DUK_USE_NONSTD_GETTER_KEY_ARGUMENT
            duk_dup(ctx, -3);
            duk_call_method(ctx, 1);          /* [key getter this key] -> [key retval] */
#else
            duk_call_method(ctx, 0);          /* [key getter this] -> [key retval] */
#endif
        } else {
            /* [key value] or [key undefined] */
 
            /* data property or accessor without getter */
            DUK_ASSERT(((desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR) == 0) ||
                       (desc.get == NULL));
 
            /* if accessor without getter, return value is undefined */
            DUK_ASSERT(((desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR) == 0) ||
                       duk_is_undefined(ctx, -1));
 
            /* Note: for an accessor without getter, falling through to
             * check for "caller" exotic behavior is unnecessary as
             * "undefined" will never activate the behavior.  But it does
             * no harm, so we'll do it anyway.
             */
        }
 
        goto found;  /* [key result] */
 
     next_in_chain:
        /* XXX: option to pretend property doesn't exist if sanity limit is
         * hit might be useful.
         */
        if (sanity-- == 0) {
            DUK_ERROR_RANGE(thr, DUK_STR_PROTOTYPE_CHAIN_LIMIT);
        }
        curr = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROTOTYPE(thr->heap, curr);
    } while (curr);
 
    /*
     *  Not found
     */
 
    duk_to_undefined(ctx, -1);  /* [key] -> [undefined] (default value) */
 
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> %!T (not found)", (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
    return 0;
 
    /*
     *  Found; post-processing (Function and arguments objects)
     */
 
 found:
    /* [key result] */
 
#if !defined(DUK_USE_NONSTD_FUNC_CALLER_PROPERTY)
    /* Special behavior for 'caller' property of (non-bound) function objects
     * and non-strict Arguments objects: if 'caller' -value- (!) is a strict
     * mode function, throw a TypeError (E5 Sections 15.3.5.4, 10.6).
     * Quite interestingly, a non-strict function with no formal arguments
     * will get an arguments object -without- special 'caller' behavior!
     *
     * The E5.1 spec is a bit ambiguous if this special behavior applies when
     * a bound function is the base value (not the 'caller' value): Section
     * 15.3.4.5 (describing bind()) states that [[Get]] for bound functions
     * matches that of Section 15.3.5.4 ([[Get]] for Function instances).
     * However, Section 13.3.5.4 has "NOTE: Function objects created using
     * Function.prototype.bind use the default [[Get]] internal method."
     * The current implementation assumes this means that bound functions
     * should not have the special [[Get]] behavior.
     *
     * The E5.1 spec is also a bit unclear if the TypeError throwing is
     * applied if the 'caller' value is a strict bound function.  The
     * current implementation will throw even for both strict non-bound
     * and strict bound functions.
     *
     * See test-dev-strict-func-as-caller-prop-value.js for quite extensive
     * tests.
     *
     * This exotic behavior is disabled when the non-standard 'caller' property
     * is enabled, as it conflicts with the free use of 'caller'.
     */
    if (key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_CALLER(thr) &&
        DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv_obj)) {
        duk_hobject *orig = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv_obj);
        DUK_ASSERT(orig != NULL);
 
        if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_NONBOUND_FUNCTION(orig) ||
            DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARGUMENTS(orig)) {
            duk_hobject *h;
 
            /* XXX: The TypeError is currently not applied to bound
             * functions because the 'strict' flag is not copied by
             * bind().  This may or may not be correct, the specification
             * only refers to the value being a "strict mode Function
             * object" which is ambiguous.
             */
            DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_BOUND(orig));
 
            h = duk_get_hobject(ctx, -1);  /* NULL if not an object */
            if (h &&
                DUK_HOBJECT_IS_FUNCTION(h) &&
                DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_STRICT(h)) {
                /* XXX: sufficient to check 'strict', assert for 'is function' */
                DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_STRICT_CALLER_READ);
            }
        }
    }
#endif   /* !DUK_USE_NONSTD_FUNC_CALLER_PROPERTY */
 
    duk_remove(ctx, -2);  /* [key result] -> [result] */
 
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> %!T (found)", (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
    return 1;
}
 
/*
 *  HASPROP: Ecmascript property existence check ("in" operator).
 *
 *  Interestingly, the 'in' operator does not do any coercion of
 *  the target object.
 */
 
DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_hobject_hasprop(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv_obj, duk_tval *tv_key) {
    duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
    duk_tval tv_key_copy;
    duk_hobject *obj;
    duk_hstring *key;
    duk_uint32_t arr_idx;
    duk_bool_t rc;
    duk_propdesc desc;
 
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("hasprop: thr=%p, obj=%p, key=%p (obj -> %!T, key -> %!T)",
                         (void *) thr, (void *) tv_obj, (void *) tv_key,
                         (duk_tval *) tv_obj, (duk_tval *) tv_key));
 
    DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(tv_obj != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(tv_key != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE);
 
    DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv_key_copy, tv_key);
    tv_key = &tv_key_copy;
 
    /*
     *  The 'in' operator requires an object as its right hand side,
     *  throwing a TypeError unconditionally if this is not the case.
     *
     *  However, lightfuncs need to behave like fully fledged objects
     *  here to be maximally transparent, so we need to handle them
     *  here.
     */
 
    /* XXX: Refactor key coercion so that it's only called once.  It can't
     * be trivially lifted here because the object must be type checked
     * first.
     */
 
    if (DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv_obj)) {
        obj = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv_obj);
        DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
 
        arr_idx = duk__push_tval_to_hstring_arr_idx(ctx, tv_key, &key);
    } else if (DUK_TVAL_IS_LIGHTFUNC(tv_obj)) {
        arr_idx = duk__push_tval_to_hstring_arr_idx(ctx, tv_key, &key);
        if (duk__key_is_lightfunc_ownprop(thr, key)) {
            /* FOUND */
            rc = 1;
            goto pop_and_return;
        }
 
        /* If not found, resume existence check from Function.prototype.
         * We can just substitute the value in this case; nothing will
         * need the original base value (as would be the case with e.g.
         * setters/getters.
         */
        obj = thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_FUNCTION_PROTOTYPE];
    } else {
        /* Note: unconditional throw */
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object is not an object -> reject"));
        DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_BASE);
    }
 
    /* XXX: fast path for arrays? */
 
    DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
    DUK_UNREF(arr_idx);
 
#if defined(DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY)
    if (DUK_UNLIKELY(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_PROXYOBJ(obj))) {
        duk_hobject *h_target;
        duk_bool_t tmp_bool;
 
        /* XXX: the key in 'key in obj' is string coerced before we're called
         * (which is the required behavior in E5/E5.1/E6) so the key is a string
         * here already.
         */
 
        if (duk__proxy_check_prop(thr, obj, DUK_STRIDX_HAS, tv_key, &h_target)) {
            /* [ ... key trap handler ] */
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> proxy object 'has' for key %!T", (duk_tval *) tv_key));
            duk_push_hobject(ctx, h_target);  /* target */
            duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_key);       /* P */
            duk_call_method(ctx, 2 /*nargs*/);
            tmp_bool = duk_to_boolean(ctx, -1);
            if (!tmp_bool) {
                /* Target object must be checked for a conflicting
                 * non-configurable property.
                 */
 
                if (duk__get_own_propdesc_raw(thr, h_target, key, arr_idx, &desc, 0 /*flags*/)) {  /* don't push value */
                    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("proxy 'has': target has matching property %!O, check for "
                                         "conflicting property; desc.flags=0x%08lx, "
                                         "desc.get=%p, desc.set=%p",
                                         (duk_heaphdr *) key, (unsigned long) desc.flags,
                                         (void *) desc.get, (void *) desc.set));
                    /* XXX: Extensibility check for target uses IsExtensible().  If we
                     * implemented the isExtensible trap and didn't reject proxies as
                     * proxy targets, it should be respected here.
                     */
                    if (!((desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE) &&  /* property is configurable and */
                          DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXTENSIBLE(h_target))) {          /* ... target is extensible */
                        DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_PROXY_REJECTED);
                    }
                }
            }
 
            duk_pop_2(ctx);  /* [ key trap_result ] -> [] */
            return tmp_bool;
        }
 
        obj = h_target;  /* resume check from proxy target */
    }
#endif  /* DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY */
 
    /* XXX: inline into a prototype walking loop? */
 
    rc = duk__get_propdesc(thr, obj, key, &desc, 0 /*flags*/);  /* don't push value */
    /* fall through */
 
 pop_and_return:
    duk_pop(ctx);  /* [ key ] -> [] */
    return rc;
}
 
/*
 *  HASPROP variant used internally.
 *
 *  This primitive must never throw an error, callers rely on this.
 *  In particular, don't throw an error for prototype loops; instead,
 *  pretend like the property doesn't exist if a prototype sanity limit
 *  is reached.
 *
 *  Does not implement proxy behavior: if applied to a proxy object,
 *  returns key existence on the proxy object itself.
 */
 
DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_hobject_hasprop_raw(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key) {
    duk_propdesc dummy;
 
    DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
 
    DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE);
 
    return duk__get_propdesc(thr, obj, key, &dummy, DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_IGNORE_PROTOLOOP);  /* don't push value */
}
 
/*
 *  Helper: handle Array object 'length' write which automatically
 *  deletes properties, see E5 Section 15.4.5.1, step 3.  This is
 *  quite tricky to get right.
 *
 *  Used by duk_hobject_putprop().
 */
 
DUK_LOCAL duk_uint32_t duk__get_old_array_length(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_propdesc *temp_desc) {
    duk_bool_t rc;
    duk_tval *tv;
    duk_uint32_t res;
 
    DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE);
 
    /* This function is only called for objects with array exotic behavior.
     * The [[DefineOwnProperty]] algorithm for arrays requires that
     * 'length' can never have a value outside the unsigned 32-bit range,
     * attempt to write such a value is a RangeError.  Here we can thus
     * assert for this.  When Duktape internals go around the official
     * property write interface (doesn't happen often) this assumption is
     * easy to accidentally break, so such code must be written carefully.
     * See test-bi-array-push-maxlen.js.
     */
 
    rc = duk__get_own_propdesc_raw(thr, obj, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LENGTH(thr), DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX, temp_desc, 0 /*flags*/);  /* don't push value */
    DUK_UNREF(rc);
    DUK_ASSERT(rc != 0);  /* arrays MUST have a 'length' property */
    DUK_ASSERT(temp_desc->e_idx >= 0);
 
    tv = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(thr->heap, obj, temp_desc->e_idx);
    DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv));  /* array 'length' is always a number, as we coerce it */
    DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv) >= 0.0);
    DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv) <= (double) 0xffffffffUL);
    DUK_ASSERT((duk_double_t) (duk_uint32_t) DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv) == DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv));
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
    /* Downgrade checks are not made everywhere, so 'length' is not always
     * a fastint (it is a number though).  This can be removed once length
     * is always guaranteed to be a fastint.
     */
    DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(tv) || DUK_TVAL_IS_DOUBLE(tv));
    if (DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(tv)) {
        res = (duk_uint32_t) DUK_TVAL_GET_FASTINT_U32(tv);
    } else {
        res = (duk_uint32_t) DUK_TVAL_GET_DOUBLE(tv);
    }
#else
    res = (duk_uint32_t) DUK_TVAL_GET_NUMBER(tv);
#endif  /* DUK_USE_FASTINT */
 
    return res;
}
 
DUK_LOCAL duk_uint32_t duk__to_new_array_length_checked(duk_hthread *thr) {
    duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
    duk_uint32_t res;
    duk_double_t d;
 
    /* Input value should be on stack top and will be coerced and
     * popped.  Refuse to update an Array's 'length' to a value
     * outside the 32-bit range.  Negative zero is accepted as zero.
     */
 
    /* XXX: fastint */
 
    d = duk_to_number(ctx, -1);
    res = (duk_uint32_t) d;
    if ((duk_double_t) res != d) {
        DUK_ERROR_RANGE(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_ARRAY_LENGTH);
    }
    duk_pop(ctx);
    return res;
}
 
/* Delete elements required by a smaller length, taking into account
 * potentially non-configurable elements.  Returns non-zero if all
 * elements could be deleted, and zero if all or some elements could
 * not be deleted.  Also writes final "target length" to 'out_result_len'.
 * This is the length value that should go into the 'length' property
 * (must be set by the caller).  Never throws an error.
 */
DUK_LOCAL
duk_bool_t duk__handle_put_array_length_smaller(duk_hthread *thr,
                                                duk_hobject *obj,
                                                duk_uint32_t old_len,
                                                duk_uint32_t new_len,
                                                duk_bool_t force_flag,
                                                duk_uint32_t *out_result_len) {
    duk_uint32_t target_len;
    duk_uint_fast32_t i;
    duk_uint32_t arr_idx;
    duk_hstring *key;
    duk_tval *tv;
    duk_bool_t rc;
 
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("new array length smaller than old (%ld -> %ld), "
                         "probably need to remove elements",
                         (long) old_len, (long) new_len));
 
    /*
     *  New length is smaller than old length, need to delete properties above
     *  the new length.
     *
     *  If array part exists, this is straightforward: array entries cannot
     *  be non-configurable so this is guaranteed to work.
     *
     *  If array part does not exist, array-indexed values are scattered
     *  in the entry part, and some may not be configurable (preventing length
     *  from becoming lower than their index + 1).  To handle the algorithm
     *  in E5 Section 15.4.5.1, step l correctly, we scan the entire property
     *  set twice.
     */
 
    DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(new_len < old_len);
    DUK_ASSERT(out_result_len != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE);
 
    if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_ARRAY_PART(obj)) {
        /*
         *  All defined array-indexed properties are in the array part
         *  (we assume the array part is comprehensive), and all array
         *  entries are writable, configurable, and enumerable.  Thus,
         *  nothing can prevent array entries from being deleted.
         */
 
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("have array part, easy case"));
 
        if (old_len < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj)) {
            /* XXX: assertion that entries >= old_len are already unused */
            i = old_len;
        } else {
            i = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj);
        }
        DUK_ASSERT(i <= DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj));
 
        while (i > new_len) {
            i--;
            tv = DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE_PTR(thr->heap, obj, i);
            DUK_TVAL_SET_UNUSED_UPDREF(thr, tv);  /* side effects */
        }
 
        *out_result_len = new_len;
        return 1;
    } else {
        /*
         *  Entries part is a bit more complex
         */
 
        /* Stage 1: find highest preventing non-configurable entry (if any).
         * When forcing, ignore non-configurability.
         */
 
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("no array part, slow case"));
 
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("array length write, no array part, stage 1: find target_len "
                             "(highest preventing non-configurable entry (if any))"));
 
        target_len = new_len;
        if (force_flag) {
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("array length write, no array part; force flag -> skip stage 1"));
            goto skip_stage1;
        }
        for (i = 0; i < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(obj); i++) {
            key = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY(thr->heap, obj, i);
            if (!key) {
                DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("skip entry index %ld: null key", (long) i));
                continue;
            }
            if (!DUK_HSTRING_HAS_ARRIDX(key)) {
                DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("skip entry index %ld: key not an array index", (long) i));
                continue;
            }
 
            DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HSTRING_HAS_ARRIDX(key));  /* XXX: macro checks for array index flag, which is unnecessary here */
            arr_idx = DUK_HSTRING_GET_ARRIDX_SLOW(key);
            DUK_ASSERT(arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX);
            DUK_ASSERT(arr_idx < old_len);  /* consistency requires this */
 
            if (arr_idx < new_len) {
                DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("skip entry index %ld: key is array index %ld, below new_len",
                                     (long) i, (long) arr_idx));
                continue;
            }
            if (DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_CONFIGURABLE(thr->heap, obj, i)) {
                DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("skip entry index %ld: key is a relevant array index %ld, but configurable",
                                     (long) i, (long) arr_idx));
                continue;
            }
 
            /* relevant array index is non-configurable, blocks write */
            if (arr_idx >= target_len) {
                DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("entry at index %ld has arr_idx %ld, is not configurable, "
                                     "update target_len %ld -> %ld",
                                     (long) i, (long) arr_idx, (long) target_len,
                                     (long) (arr_idx + 1)));
                target_len = arr_idx + 1;
            }
        }
     skip_stage1:
 
        /* stage 2: delete configurable entries above target length */
 
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("old_len=%ld, new_len=%ld, target_len=%ld",
                             (long) old_len, (long) new_len, (long) target_len));
 
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("array length write, no array part, stage 2: remove "
                             "entries >= target_len"));
 
        for (i = 0; i < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(obj); i++) {
            key = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY(thr->heap, obj, i);
            if (!key) {
                DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("skip entry index %ld: null key", (long) i));
                continue;
            }
            if (!DUK_HSTRING_HAS_ARRIDX(key)) {
                DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("skip entry index %ld: key not an array index", (long) i));
                continue;
            }
 
            DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HSTRING_HAS_ARRIDX(key));  /* XXX: macro checks for array index flag, which is unnecessary here */
            arr_idx = DUK_HSTRING_GET_ARRIDX_SLOW(key);
            DUK_ASSERT(arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX);
            DUK_ASSERT(arr_idx < old_len);  /* consistency requires this */
 
            if (arr_idx < target_len) {
                DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("skip entry index %ld: key is array index %ld, below target_len",
                                     (long) i, (long) arr_idx));
                continue;
            }
            DUK_ASSERT(force_flag || DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_CONFIGURABLE(thr->heap, obj, i));  /* stage 1 guarantees */
 
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("delete entry index %ld: key is array index %ld",
                                 (long) i, (long) arr_idx));
 
            /*
             *  Slow delete, but we don't care as we're already in a very slow path.
             *  The delete always succeeds: key has no exotic behavior, property
             *  is configurable, and no resize occurs.
             */
            rc = duk_hobject_delprop_raw(thr, obj, key, force_flag ? DUK_DELPROP_FLAG_FORCE : 0);
            DUK_UNREF(rc);
            DUK_ASSERT(rc != 0);
        }
 
        /* stage 3: update length (done by caller), decide return code */
 
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("array length write, no array part, stage 3: update length (done by caller)"));
 
        *out_result_len = target_len;
 
        if (target_len == new_len) {
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("target_len matches new_len, return success"));
            return 1;
        }
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("target_len does not match new_len (some entry prevented "
                             "full length adjustment), return error"));
        return 0;
    }
 
    DUK_UNREACHABLE();
}
 
/* XXX: is valstack top best place for argument? */
DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__handle_put_array_length(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj) {
    duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
    duk_propdesc desc;
    duk_uint32_t old_len;
    duk_uint32_t new_len;
    duk_uint32_t result_len;
    duk_tval *tv;
    duk_bool_t rc;
 
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("handling a put operation to array 'length' exotic property, "
                         "new val: %!T",
                         (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
 
    DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
 
    DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE);
 
    DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_valid_index(ctx, -1));
 
    /*
     *  Get old and new length
     */
 
    old_len = duk__get_old_array_length(thr, obj, &desc);
    duk_dup(ctx, -1);  /* [in_val in_val] */
    new_len = duk__to_new_array_length_checked(thr);  /* -> [in_val] */
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("old_len=%ld, new_len=%ld", (long) old_len, (long) new_len));
 
    /*
     *  Writability check
     */
 
    if (!(desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE)) {
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("length is not writable, fail"));
        return 0;
    }
 
    /*
     *  New length not lower than old length => no changes needed
     *  (not even array allocation).
     */
 
    if (new_len >= old_len) {
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("new length is higher than old length, just update length, no deletions"));
 
        DUK_ASSERT(desc.e_idx >= 0);
        DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ACCESSOR(thr->heap, obj, desc.e_idx));
        tv = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(thr->heap, obj, desc.e_idx);
        DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv));
        /* no decref needed for a number */
        DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_U32(tv, new_len);
        DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv));
        return 1;
    }
 
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("new length is lower than old length, probably must delete entries"));
 
    /*
     *  New length lower than old length => delete elements, then
     *  update length.
     *
     *  Note: even though a bunch of elements have been deleted, the 'desc' is
     *  still valid as properties haven't been resized (and entries compacted).
     */
 
    rc = duk__handle_put_array_length_smaller(thr, obj, old_len, new_len, 0 /*force_flag*/, &result_len);
    DUK_ASSERT(result_len >= new_len && result_len <= old_len);
 
    DUK_ASSERT(desc.e_idx >= 0);
    DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ACCESSOR(thr->heap, obj, desc.e_idx));
    tv = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(thr->heap, obj, desc.e_idx);
    DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv));
    /* no decref needed for a number */
    DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_U32(tv, result_len);
    DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv));
 
    /* XXX: shrink array allocation or entries compaction here? */
 
    return rc;
}
 
/*
 *  PUTPROP: Ecmascript property write.
 *
 *  Unlike Ecmascript primitive which returns nothing, returns 1 to indicate
 *  success and 0 to indicate failure (assuming throw is not set).
 *
 *  This is an extremely tricky function.  Some examples:
 *
 *    * Currently a decref may trigger a GC, which may compact an object's
 *      property allocation.  Consequently, any entry indices (e_idx) will
 *      be potentially invalidated by a decref.
 *
 *    * Exotic behaviors (strings, arrays, arguments object) require,
 *      among other things:
 *
 *      - Preprocessing before and postprocessing after an actual property
 *        write.  For example, array index write requires pre-checking the
 *        array 'length' property for access control, and may require an
 *        array 'length' update after the actual write has succeeded (but
 *        not if it fails).
 *
 *      - Deletion of multiple entries, as a result of array 'length' write.
 *
 *    * Input values are taken as pointers which may point to the valstack.
 *      If valstack is resized because of the put (this may happen at least
 *      when the array part is abandoned), the pointers can be invalidated.
 *      (We currently make a copy of all of the input values to avoid issues.)
 */
 
DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_hobject_putprop(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv_obj, duk_tval *tv_key, duk_tval *tv_val, duk_bool_t throw_flag) {
    duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
    duk_tval tv_obj_copy;
    duk_tval tv_key_copy;
    duk_tval tv_val_copy;
    duk_hobject *orig = NULL;  /* NULL if tv_obj is primitive */
    duk_hobject *curr;
    duk_hstring *key = NULL;
    duk_propdesc desc;
    duk_tval *tv;
    duk_uint32_t arr_idx;
    duk_bool_t rc;
    duk_int_t e_idx;
    duk_uint_t sanity;
    duk_uint32_t new_array_length = 0;  /* 0 = no update */
 
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("putprop: thr=%p, obj=%p, key=%p, val=%p, throw=%ld "
                         "(obj -> %!T, key -> %!T, val -> %!T)",
                         (void *) thr, (void *) tv_obj, (void *) tv_key, (void *) tv_val,
                         (long) throw_flag, (duk_tval *) tv_obj, (duk_tval *) tv_key, (duk_tval *) tv_val));
 
    DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(tv_obj != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(tv_key != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(tv_val != NULL);
 
    DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE);
 
    /*
     *  Make a copy of tv_obj, tv_key, and tv_val to avoid any issues of
     *  them being invalidated by a valstack resize.
     *
     *  XXX: this is an overkill for some paths, so optimize this later
     *  (or maybe switch to a stack arguments model entirely).
     */
 
    DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv_obj_copy, tv_obj);
    DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv_key_copy, tv_key);
    DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv_val_copy, tv_val);
    tv_obj = &tv_obj_copy;
    tv_key = &tv_key_copy;
    tv_val = &tv_val_copy;
 
    /*
     *  Coercion and fast path processing.
     */
 
    switch (DUK_TVAL_GET_TAG(tv_obj)) {
    case DUK_TAG_UNDEFINED:
    case DUK_TAG_NULL: {
        /* Note: unconditional throw */
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object is undefined or null -> reject (object=%!iT)",
                             (duk_tval *) tv_obj));
#if defined(DUK_USE_PARANOID_ERRORS)
        DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_BASE);
#else
        DUK_ERROR_FMT2(thr, DUK_ERR_TYPE_ERROR, "cannot write property %s of %s",
                       duk_push_string_tval_readable(ctx, tv_key), duk_push_string_tval_readable(ctx, tv_obj));
#endif
        return 0;
    }
 
    case DUK_TAG_BOOLEAN: {
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object is a boolean, start lookup from boolean prototype"));
        curr = thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_BOOLEAN_PROTOTYPE];
        break;
    }
 
    case DUK_TAG_STRING: {
        duk_hstring *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_STRING(tv_obj);
 
        /*
         *  Note: currently no fast path for array index writes.
         *  They won't be possible anyway as strings are immutable.
         */
 
        DUK_ASSERT(key == NULL);
        arr_idx = duk__push_tval_to_hstring_arr_idx(ctx, tv_key, &key);
        DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
 
        if (key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LENGTH(thr)) {
            goto fail_not_writable;
        }
 
        if (arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX &&
            arr_idx < DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(h)) {
            goto fail_not_writable;
        }
 
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object is a string, start lookup from string prototype"));
        curr = thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_STRING_PROTOTYPE];
        goto lookup;  /* avoid double coercion */
    }
 
    case DUK_TAG_OBJECT: {
        orig = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv_obj);
        DUK_ASSERT(orig != NULL);
 
#if defined(DUK_USE_ROM_OBJECTS)
        /* With this check in place fast paths won't need read-only
         * object checks.  This is technically incorrect if there are
         * setters that cause no writes to ROM objects, but current
         * built-ins don't have such setters.
         */
        if (DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_READONLY((duk_heaphdr *) orig)) {
            DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("attempt to putprop on read-only target object"));
            goto fail_not_writable_no_pop;  /* Must avoid duk_pop() in exit path */
        }
#endif
 
        /* The fast path for array property put is not fully compliant:
         * If one places conflicting number-indexed properties into
         * Array.prototype (for example, a non-writable Array.prototype[7])
         * the fast path will incorrectly ignore them.
         *
         * This fast path could be made compliant by falling through
         * to the slow path if the previous value was UNUSED.  This would
         * also remove the need to check for extensibility.  Right now a
         * non-extensible array is slower than an extensible one as far
         * as writes are concerned.
         *
         * The fast path behavior is documented in more detail here:
         * tests/ecmascript/test-misc-array-fast-write.js
         */
 
        if (duk__putprop_shallow_fastpath_array_tval(thr, orig, tv_key, tv_val, &desc) != 0) {
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("array fast path success"));
            return 1;
        }
 
        if (duk__putprop_fastpath_bufobj_tval(thr, orig, tv_key, tv_val) != 0) {
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base is bufobj, key is a number, bufferobject fast path"));
            return 1;
        }
 
#if defined(DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY)
        if (DUK_UNLIKELY(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_PROXYOBJ(orig))) {
            duk_hobject *h_target;
            duk_bool_t tmp_bool;
 
            if (duk__proxy_check_prop(thr, orig, DUK_STRIDX_SET, tv_key, &h_target)) {
                /* -> [ ... trap handler ] */
                DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> proxy object 'set' for key %!T", (duk_tval *) tv_key));
                duk_push_hobject(ctx, h_target);  /* target */
                duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_key);       /* P */
                duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_val);       /* V */
                duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_obj);       /* Receiver: Proxy object */
                duk_call_method(ctx, 4 /*nargs*/);
                tmp_bool = duk_to_boolean(ctx, -1);
                duk_pop(ctx);
                if (!tmp_bool) {
                    goto fail_proxy_rejected;
                }
 
                /* Target object must be checked for a conflicting
                 * non-configurable property.
                 */
                arr_idx = duk__push_tval_to_hstring_arr_idx(ctx, tv_key, &key);
                DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
 
                if (duk__get_own_propdesc_raw(thr, h_target, key, arr_idx, &desc, DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE)) {
                    duk_tval *tv_targ = duk_require_tval(ctx, -1);
                    duk_bool_t datadesc_reject;
                    duk_bool_t accdesc_reject;
 
                    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("proxy 'set': target has matching property %!O, check for "
                                         "conflicting property; tv_val=%!T, tv_targ=%!T, desc.flags=0x%08lx, "
                                         "desc.get=%p, desc.set=%p",
                                         (duk_heaphdr *) key, (duk_tval *) tv_val, (duk_tval *) tv_targ,
                                         (unsigned long) desc.flags,
                                         (void *) desc.get, (void *) desc.set));
 
                    datadesc_reject = !(desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR) &&
                                      !(desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE) &&
                                      !(desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE) &&
                                      !duk_js_samevalue(tv_val, tv_targ);
                    accdesc_reject = (desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR) &&
                                     !(desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE) &&
                                     (desc.set == NULL);
                    if (datadesc_reject || accdesc_reject) {
                        DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_PROXY_REJECTED);
                    }
 
                    duk_pop_2(ctx);
                } else {
                    duk_pop(ctx);
                }
                return 1;  /* success */
            }
 
            orig = h_target;  /* resume write to target */
            DUK_TVAL_SET_OBJECT(tv_obj, orig);
        }
#endif  /* DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY */
 
        curr = orig;
        break;
    }
 
    case DUK_TAG_BUFFER: {
        duk_hbuffer *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_BUFFER(tv_obj);
        duk_int_t pop_count = 0;
 
        /*
         *  Because buffer values may be looped over and read/written
         *  from, an array index fast path is important.
         */
 
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
        if (DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(tv_key)) {
            arr_idx = duk__tval_fastint_to_arr_idx(tv_key);
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object buffer, key is a fast-path fastint; arr_idx %ld", (long) arr_idx));
            pop_count = 0;
        } else
#endif
        if (DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv_key)) {
            arr_idx = duk__tval_number_to_arr_idx(tv_key);
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object buffer, key is a fast-path number; arr_idx %ld", (long) arr_idx));
            pop_count = 0;
        } else {
            arr_idx = duk__push_tval_to_hstring_arr_idx(ctx, tv_key, &key);
            DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object buffer, key is a non-fast-path number; after "
                                 "coercion key is %!T, arr_idx %ld",
                                 (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1), (long) arr_idx));
            pop_count = 1;
        }
 
        if (arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX &&
            arr_idx < DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(h)) {
            duk_uint8_t *data;
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("writing to buffer data at index %ld", (long) arr_idx));
            data = (duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, h);
 
            /* XXX: duk_to_int() ensures we'll get 8 lowest bits as
             * as input is within duk_int_t range (capped outside it).
             */
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
            /* Buffer writes are often integers. */
            if (DUK_TVAL_IS_FASTINT(tv_val)) {
                data[arr_idx] = (duk_uint8_t) DUK_TVAL_GET_FASTINT_U32(tv_val);
            }
            else
#endif
            {
                duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_val);
                data[arr_idx] = (duk_uint8_t) duk_to_uint32(ctx, -1);
                pop_count++;
            }
 
            duk_pop_n(ctx, pop_count);
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("result: success (buffer data write)"));
            return 1;
        }
 
        if (pop_count == 0) {
            /* This is a pretty awkward control flow, but we need to recheck the
             * key coercion here.
             */
            arr_idx = duk__push_tval_to_hstring_arr_idx(ctx, tv_key, &key);
            DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object buffer, key is a non-fast-path number; after "
                                 "coercion key is %!T, arr_idx %ld",
                                 (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1), (long) arr_idx));
        }
 
        if (key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LENGTH(thr) ||
            key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_BYTE_LENGTH(thr) ||
            key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_BYTE_OFFSET(thr) ||
            key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_BYTES_PER_ELEMENT(thr)) {
            goto fail_not_writable;
        }
 
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object is a buffer, start lookup from buffer prototype"));
        curr = thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_BUFFER_PROTOTYPE];
        goto lookup;  /* avoid double coercion */
    }
 
    case DUK_TAG_POINTER: {
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object is a pointer, start lookup from pointer prototype"));
        curr = thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_POINTER_PROTOTYPE];
        break;
    }
 
    case DUK_TAG_LIGHTFUNC: {
        /* All lightfunc own properties are non-writable and the lightfunc
         * is considered non-extensible.  However, the write may be captured
         * by an inherited setter which means we can't stop the lookup here.
         */
 
        arr_idx = duk__push_tval_to_hstring_arr_idx(ctx, tv_key, &key);
 
        if (duk__key_is_lightfunc_ownprop(thr, key)) {
            goto fail_not_writable;
        }
 
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object is a lightfunc, start lookup from function prototype"));
        curr = thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_FUNCTION_PROTOTYPE];
        goto lookup;  /* avoid double coercion */
    }
 
#if defined(DUK_USE_FASTINT)
    case DUK_TAG_FASTINT:
#endif
    default: {
        /* number */
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object is a number, start lookup from number prototype"));
        DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv_obj));
        curr = thr->builtins[DUK_BIDX_NUMBER_PROTOTYPE];
        break;
    }
    }
 
    DUK_ASSERT(key == NULL);
    arr_idx = duk__push_tval_to_hstring_arr_idx(ctx, tv_key, &key);
    DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
 
 lookup:
 
    /*
     *  Check whether the property already exists in the prototype chain.
     *  Note that the actual write goes into the original base object
     *  (except if an accessor property captures the write).
     */
 
    /* [key] */
 
    DUK_ASSERT(curr != NULL);
    sanity = DUK_HOBJECT_PROTOTYPE_CHAIN_SANITY;
    do {
        if (!duk__get_own_propdesc_raw(thr, curr, key, arr_idx, &desc, 0 /*flags*/)) {  /* don't push value */
            goto next_in_chain;
        }
 
        if (desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR) {
            /*
             *  Found existing accessor property (own or inherited).
             *  Call setter with 'this' set to orig, and value as the only argument.
             *  Setter calls are OK even for ROM objects.
             *
             *  Note: no exotic arguments object behavior, because [[Put]] never
             *  calls [[DefineOwnProperty]] (E5 Section 8.12.5, step 5.b).
             */
 
            duk_hobject *setter;
 
            DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("put to an own or inherited accessor, calling setter"));
 
            setter = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_SETTER(thr->heap, curr, desc.e_idx);
            if (!setter) {
                goto fail_no_setter;
            }
            duk_push_hobject(ctx, setter);
            duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_obj);  /* note: original, uncoerced base */
            duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_val);  /* [key setter this val] */
#ifdef DUK_USE_NONSTD_SETTER_KEY_ARGUMENT
            duk_dup(ctx, -4);
            duk_call_method(ctx, 2);     /* [key setter this val key] -> [key retval] */
#else
            duk_call_method(ctx, 1);     /* [key setter this val] -> [key retval] */
#endif
            duk_pop(ctx);                /* ignore retval -> [key] */
            goto success_no_arguments_exotic;
        }
 
        if (orig == NULL) {
            /*
             *  Found existing own or inherited plain property, but original
             *  base is a primitive value.
             */
            DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("attempt to create a new property in a primitive base object"));
            goto fail_base_primitive;
        }
 
        if (curr != orig) {
            /*
             *  Found existing inherited plain property.
             *  Do an access control check, and if OK, write
             *  new property to 'orig'.
             */
            if (!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXTENSIBLE(orig)) {
                DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("found existing inherited plain property, but original object is not extensible"));
                goto fail_not_extensible;
            }
            if (!(desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE)) {
                DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("found existing inherited plain property, original object is extensible, but inherited property is not writable"));
                goto fail_not_writable;
            }
            DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("put to new property, object extensible, inherited property found and is writable"));
            goto create_new;
        } else {
            /*
             *  Found existing own (non-inherited) plain property.
             *  Do an access control check and update in place.
             */
 
            if (!(desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE)) {
                DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("found existing own (non-inherited) plain property, but property is not writable"));
                goto fail_not_writable;
            }
            if (desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_VIRTUAL) {
                DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("found existing own (non-inherited) virtual property, property is writable"));
                if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_BUFFEROBJECT(curr)) {
                    duk_hbufferobject *h_bufobj;
                    duk_uint_t byte_off;
                    duk_small_uint_t elem_size;
 
                    h_bufobj = (duk_hbufferobject *) curr;
                    DUK_ASSERT_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID(h_bufobj);
 
                    DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("writable virtual property is in buffer object"));
 
                    /* Careful with wrapping: arr_idx upshift may easily wrap, whereas
                     * length downshift won't.
                     */
                    if (arr_idx < (h_bufobj->length >> h_bufobj->shift)) {
                        duk_uint8_t *data;
                        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("writing to buffer data at index %ld", (long) arr_idx));
 
                        DUK_ASSERT(arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX);  /* index/length check guarantees */
                        byte_off = arr_idx << h_bufobj->shift;       /* no wrap assuming h_bufobj->length is valid */
                        elem_size = 1 << h_bufobj->shift;
 
                        /* Coerce to number before validating pointers etc so that the
                         * number coercions in duk_hbufferobject_validated_write() are
                         * guaranteed to be side effect free and not invalidate the
                         * pointer checks we do here.
                         */
                        duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_val);
                        duk_to_number(ctx, -1);
 
                        if (h_bufobj->buf != NULL && DUK_HBUFFEROBJECT_VALID_BYTEOFFSET_EXCL(h_bufobj, byte_off + elem_size)) {
                            data = (duk_uint8_t *) DUK_HBUFFER_GET_DATA_PTR(thr->heap, h_bufobj->buf) + h_bufobj->offset + byte_off;
                            duk_hbufferobject_validated_write(ctx, h_bufobj, data, elem_size);
                        } else {
                            DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("bufferobject access out of underlying buffer, ignoring (write skipped)"));
                        }
                        duk_pop(ctx);
                        goto success_no_arguments_exotic;
                    }
                }
 
                goto fail_internal;  /* should not happen */
            }
            DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("put to existing own plain property, property is writable"));
            goto update_old;
        }
        DUK_UNREACHABLE();
 
     next_in_chain:
        /* XXX: option to pretend property doesn't exist if sanity limit is
         * hit might be useful.
         */
        if (sanity-- == 0) {
            DUK_ERROR_RANGE(thr, DUK_STR_PROTOTYPE_CHAIN_LIMIT);
        }
        curr = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROTOTYPE(thr->heap, curr);
    } while (curr);
 
    /*
     *  Property not found in prototype chain.
     */
 
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("property not found in prototype chain"));
 
    if (orig == NULL) {
        DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("attempt to create a new property in a primitive base object"));
        goto fail_base_primitive;
    }
 
    if (!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXTENSIBLE(orig)) {
        DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("put to a new property (not found in prototype chain), but original object not extensible"));
        goto fail_not_extensible;
    }
 
    goto create_new;
 
 update_old:
 
    /*
     *  Update an existing property of the base object.
     */
 
    /* [key] */
 
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("update an existing property of the original object"));
 
    DUK_ASSERT(orig != NULL);
#if defined(DUK_USE_ROM_OBJECTS)
    /* This should not happen because DUK_TAG_OBJECT case checks
     * for this already, but check just in case.
     */
    if (DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_READONLY((duk_heaphdr *) orig)) {
        goto fail_not_writable;
    }
#endif
 
    /* Although there are writable virtual properties (e.g. plain buffer
     * and buffer object number indices), they are handled before we come
     * here.
     */
    DUK_ASSERT((desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_VIRTUAL) == 0);
    DUK_ASSERT(desc.a_idx >= 0 || desc.e_idx >= 0);
 
    if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARRAY(orig) &&
        key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LENGTH(thr)) {
        /*
         *  Write to 'length' of an array is a very complex case
         *  handled in a helper which updates both the array elements
         *  and writes the new 'length'.  The write may result in an
         *  unconditional RangeError or a partial write (indicated
         *  by a return code).
         *
         *  Note: the helper has an unnecessary writability check
         *  for 'length', we already know it is writable.
         */
 
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("writing existing 'length' property to array exotic, invoke complex helper"));
 
        /* XXX: the helper currently assumes stack top contains new
         * 'length' value and the whole calling convention is not very
         * compatible with what we need.
         */
 
        duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_val);  /* [key val] */
        rc = duk__handle_put_array_length(thr, orig);
        duk_pop(ctx);  /* [key val] -> [key] */
        if (!rc) {
            goto fail_array_length_partial;
        }
 
        /* key is 'length', cannot match argument exotic behavior */
        goto success_no_arguments_exotic;
    }
 
    if (desc.e_idx >= 0) {
        tv = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(thr->heap, orig, desc.e_idx);
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("previous entry value: %!iT", (duk_tval *) tv));
        DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF(thr, tv, tv_val);  /* side effects */
        /* don't touch property attributes or hash part */
        DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("put to an existing entry at index %ld -> new value %!iT",
                           (long) desc.e_idx, (duk_tval *) tv));
    } else {
        /* Note: array entries are always writable, so the writability check
         * above is pointless for them.  The check could be avoided with some
         * refactoring but is probably not worth it.
         */
 
        DUK_ASSERT(desc.a_idx >= 0);
        tv = DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE_PTR(thr->heap, orig, desc.a_idx);
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("previous array value: %!iT", (duk_tval *) tv));
        DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF(thr, tv, tv_val);  /* side effects */
        DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("put to an existing array entry at index %ld -> new value %!iT",
                           (long) desc.a_idx, (duk_tval *) tv));
    }
 
    /* Regardless of whether property is found in entry or array part,
     * it may have arguments exotic behavior (array indices may reside
     * in entry part for abandoned / non-existent array parts).
     */
    goto success_with_arguments_exotic;
 
 create_new:
 
    /*
     *  Create a new property in the original object.
     *
     *  Exotic properties need to be reconsidered here from a write
     *  perspective (not just property attributes perspective).
     *  However, the property does not exist in the object already,
     *  so this limits the kind of exotic properties that apply.
     */
 
    /* [key] */
 
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("create new property to original object"));
 
    DUK_ASSERT(orig != NULL);
 
#if defined(DUK_USE_ROM_OBJECTS)
    /* This should not happen because DUK_TAG_OBJECT case checks
     * for this already, but check just in case.
     */
    if (DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_READONLY((duk_heaphdr *) orig)) {
        goto fail_not_writable;
    }
#endif
 
    /* Not possible because array object 'length' is present
     * from its creation and cannot be deleted, and is thus
     * caught as an existing property above.
     */
    DUK_ASSERT(!(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARRAY(orig) &&
                 key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LENGTH(thr)));
 
    if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARRAY(orig) &&
        arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX) {
        /* automatic length update */
        duk_uint32_t old_len;
 
        old_len = duk__get_old_array_length(thr, orig, &desc);
 
        if (arr_idx >= old_len) {
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("write new array entry requires length update "
                                 "(arr_idx=%ld, old_len=%ld)",
                                 (long) arr_idx, (long) old_len));
 
            if (!(desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE)) {
                DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("attempt to extend array, but array 'length' is not writable"));
                goto fail_not_writable;
            }
 
            /* Note: actual update happens once write has been completed
             * without error below.  The write should always succeed
             * from a specification viewpoint, but we may e.g. run out
             * of memory.  It's safer in this order.
             */
 
            DUK_ASSERT(arr_idx != 0xffffffffUL);
            new_array_length = arr_idx + 1;  /* flag for later write */
        } else {
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("write new array entry does not require length update "
                                 "(arr_idx=%ld, old_len=%ld)",
                                 (long) arr_idx, (long) old_len));
        }
    }
 
 /* write_to_array_part: */
 
    /*
     *  Write to array part?
     *
     *  Note: array abandonding requires a property resize which uses
     *  'rechecks' valstack for temporaries and may cause any existing
     *  valstack pointers to be invalidated.  To protect against this,
     *  tv_obj, tv_key, and tv_val are copies of the original inputs.
     */
 
    if (arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX &&
        DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_ARRAY_PART(orig)) {
        if (arr_idx < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(orig)) {
            goto no_array_growth;
        }
 
        /*
         *  Array needs to grow, but we don't want it becoming too sparse.
         *  If it were to become sparse, abandon array part, moving all
         *  array entries into the entries part (for good).
         *
         *  Since we don't keep track of actual density (used vs. size) of
         *  the array part, we need to estimate somehow.  The check is made
         *  in two parts:
         *
         *    - Check whether the resize need is small compared to the
         *      current size (relatively); if so, resize without further
         *      checking (essentially we assume that the original part is
         *      "dense" so that the result would be dense enough).
         *
         *    - Otherwise, compute the resize using an actual density
         *      measurement based on counting the used array entries.
         */
 
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("write to new array requires array resize, decide whether to do a "
                             "fast resize without abandon check (arr_idx=%ld, old_size=%ld)",
                             (long) arr_idx, (long) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(orig)));
 
        if (duk__abandon_array_slow_check_required(arr_idx, DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(orig))) {
            duk_uint32_t old_used;
            duk_uint32_t old_size;
 
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("=> fast check is NOT OK, do slow check for array abandon"));
 
            duk__compute_a_stats(thr, orig, &old_used, &old_size);
 
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("abandon check, array stats: old_used=%ld, old_size=%ld, arr_idx=%ld",
                                 (long) old_used, (long) old_size, (long) arr_idx));
 
            /* Note: intentionally use approximations to shave a few instructions:
             *   a_used = old_used  (accurate: old_used + 1)
             *   a_size = arr_idx   (accurate: arr_idx + 1)
             */
            if (duk__abandon_array_density_check(old_used, arr_idx)) {
                DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("write to new array entry beyond current length, "
                                   "decided to abandon array part (would become too sparse)"));
 
                /* abandoning requires a props allocation resize and
                 * 'rechecks' the valstack, invalidating any existing
                 * valstack value pointers!
                 */
                duk__abandon_array_checked(thr, orig);
                DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_ARRAY_PART(orig));
 
                goto write_to_entry_part;
            }
 
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("=> decided to keep array part"));
        } else {
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("=> fast resize is OK"));
        }
 
        DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("write to new array entry beyond current length, "
                           "decided to extend current allocation"));
 
        duk__grow_props_for_array_item(thr, orig, arr_idx);
 
     no_array_growth:
 
        /* Note: assume array part is comprehensive, so that either
         * the write goes to the array part, or we've abandoned the
         * array above (and will not come here).
         */
 
        DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_ARRAY_PART(orig));
        DUK_ASSERT(arr_idx < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(orig));
 
        tv = DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE_PTR(thr->heap, orig, arr_idx);
        /* prev value must be unused, no decref */
        DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(tv));
        DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(tv, tv_val);
        DUK_TVAL_INCREF(thr, tv);
        DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("put to new array entry: %ld -> %!T",
                           (long) arr_idx, (duk_tval *) tv));
 
        /* Note: array part values are [[Writable]], [[Enumerable]],
         * and [[Configurable]] which matches the required attributes
         * here.
         */
        goto entry_updated;
    }
 
 write_to_entry_part:
 
    /*
     *  Write to entry part
     */
 
    /* entry allocation updates hash part and increases the key
     * refcount; may need a props allocation resize but doesn't
     * 'recheck' the valstack.
     */
    e_idx = duk__alloc_entry_checked(thr, orig, key);
    DUK_ASSERT(e_idx >= 0);
 
    tv = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(thr->heap, orig, e_idx);
    /* prev value can be garbage, no decref */
    DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(tv, tv_val);
    DUK_TVAL_INCREF(thr, tv);
    DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_FLAGS(thr->heap, orig, e_idx, DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WEC);
    goto entry_updated;
 
 entry_updated:
 
    /*
     *  Possible pending array length update, which must only be done
     *  if the actual entry write succeeded.
     */
 
    if (new_array_length > 0) {
        /*
         *  Note: zero works as a "no update" marker because the new length
         *  can never be zero after a new property is written.
         *
         *  Note: must re-lookup because calls above (e.g. duk__alloc_entry_checked())
         *  may realloc and compact properties and hence change e_idx.
         */
 
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("write successful, pending array length update to: %ld",
                             (long) new_array_length));
 
        rc = duk__get_own_propdesc_raw(thr, orig, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LENGTH(thr), DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX, &desc, 0 /*flags*/);  /* don't push value */
        DUK_UNREF(rc);
        DUK_ASSERT(rc != 0);
        DUK_ASSERT(desc.e_idx >= 0);
 
        tv = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(thr->heap, orig, desc.e_idx);
        DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tv));
        /* no need for decref/incref because value is a number */
        DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_U32(tv, new_array_length);
    }
 
    /*
     *  Arguments exotic behavior not possible for new properties: all
     *  magically bound properties are initially present in the arguments
     *  object, and if they are deleted, the binding is also removed from
     *  parameter map.
     */
 
    goto success_no_arguments_exotic;
 
 success_with_arguments_exotic:
 
    /*
     *  Arguments objects have exotic [[DefineOwnProperty]] which updates
     *  the internal 'map' of arguments for writes to currently mapped
     *  arguments.  More conretely, writes to mapped arguments generate
     *  a write to a bound variable.
     *
     *  The [[Put]] algorithm invokes [[DefineOwnProperty]] for existing
     *  data properties and new properties, but not for existing accessors.
     *  Hence, in E5 Section 10.6 ([[DefinedOwnProperty]] algorithm), we
     *  have a Desc with 'Value' (and possibly other properties too), and
     *  we end up in step 5.b.i.
     */
 
    if (arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX &&
        DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARGUMENTS(orig)) {
        /* Note: only numbered indices are relevant, so arr_idx fast reject
         * is good (this is valid unless there are more than 4**32-1 arguments).
         */
 
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("putprop successful, arguments exotic behavior needed"));
 
        /* Note: we can reuse 'desc' here */
 
        /* XXX: top of stack must contain value, which helper doesn't touch,
         * rework to use tv_val directly?
         */
 
        duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_val);
        (void) duk__check_arguments_map_for_put(thr, orig, key, &desc, throw_flag);
        duk_pop(ctx);
    }
    /* fall thru */
 
 success_no_arguments_exotic:
    /* shared exit path now */
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("result: success"));
    duk_pop(ctx);  /* remove key */
    return 1;
 
#if defined(DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY)
 fail_proxy_rejected:
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("result: error, proxy rejects"));
    if (throw_flag) {
        DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_PROXY_REJECTED);
    }
    /* Note: no key on stack */
    return 0;
#endif
 
 fail_base_primitive:
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("result: error, base primitive"));
    if (throw_flag) {
#if defined(DUK_USE_PARANOID_ERRORS)
        DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_BASE);
#else
        DUK_ERROR_FMT2(thr, DUK_ERR_TYPE_ERROR, "cannot write property %s of %s",
                       duk_push_string_tval_readable(ctx, tv_key), duk_push_string_tval_readable(ctx, tv_obj));
#endif
    }
    duk_pop(ctx);  /* remove key */
    return 0;
 
 fail_not_extensible:
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("result: error, not extensible"));
    if (throw_flag) {
        DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_NOT_EXTENSIBLE);
    }
    duk_pop(ctx);  /* remove key */
    return 0;
 
 fail_not_writable:
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("result: error, not writable"));
    if (throw_flag) {
        DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_NOT_WRITABLE);
    }
    duk_pop(ctx);  /* remove key */
    return 0;
 
#if defined(DUK_USE_ROM_OBJECTS)
 fail_not_writable_no_pop:
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("result: error, not writable"));
    if (throw_flag) {
        DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_NOT_WRITABLE);
    }
    return 0;
#endif
 
 fail_array_length_partial:
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("result: error, array length write only partially successful"));
    if (throw_flag) {
        DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_ARRAY_LENGTH_WRITE_FAILED);
    }
    duk_pop(ctx);  /* remove key */
    return 0;
 
 fail_no_setter:
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("result: error, accessor property without setter"));
    if (throw_flag) {
        DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_SETTER_UNDEFINED);
    }
    duk_pop(ctx);  /* remove key */
    return 0;
 
 fail_internal:
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("result: error, internal"));
    if (throw_flag) {
        DUK_ERROR_INTERNAL_DEFMSG(thr);
    }
    duk_pop(ctx);  /* remove key */
    return 0;
}
 
/*
 *  Ecmascript compliant [[Delete]](P, Throw).
 */
 
DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_hobject_delprop_raw(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key, duk_small_uint_t flags) {
    duk_propdesc desc;
    duk_tval *tv;
    duk_uint32_t arr_idx;
    duk_bool_t throw_flag;
    duk_bool_t force_flag;
 
    throw_flag = (flags & DUK_DELPROP_FLAG_THROW);
    force_flag = (flags & DUK_DELPROP_FLAG_FORCE);
 
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("delprop_raw: thr=%p, obj=%p, key=%p, throw=%ld, force=%ld (obj -> %!O, key -> %!O)",
                         (void *) thr, (void *) obj, (void *) key, (long) throw_flag, (long) force_flag,
                         (duk_heaphdr *) obj, (duk_heaphdr *) key));
 
    DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
 
    DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE);
 
    arr_idx = DUK_HSTRING_GET_ARRIDX_FAST(key);
 
    /* 0 = don't push current value */
    if (!duk__get_own_propdesc_raw(thr, obj, key, arr_idx, &desc, 0 /*flags*/)) {  /* don't push value */
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("property not found, succeed always"));
        goto success;
    }
 
#if defined(DUK_USE_ROM_OBJECTS)
    if (DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_READONLY((duk_heaphdr *) obj)) {
        DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("attempt to delprop on read-only target object"));
        goto fail_not_configurable;
    }
#endif
 
    if ((desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE) == 0 && !force_flag) {
        goto fail_not_configurable;
    }
    if (desc.a_idx < 0 && desc.e_idx < 0) {
        /* Currently there are no deletable virtual properties, but
         * with force_flag we might attempt to delete one.
         */
        goto fail_virtual;
    }
 
    if (desc.a_idx >= 0) {
        DUK_ASSERT(desc.e_idx < 0);
 
        tv = DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE_PTR(thr->heap, obj, desc.a_idx);
        DUK_TVAL_SET_UNUSED_UPDREF(thr, tv);  /* side effects */
        goto success;
    } else {
        duk_hobject *h_get = NULL;
        duk_hobject *h_set = NULL;
        duk_tval tv_tmp;
 
        DUK_ASSERT(desc.a_idx < 0);
 
        /* Set property slot to an empty state.  Careful not to invoke
         * any side effects while using desc.e_idx so that it doesn't
         * get invalidated by a finalizer mutating our object.
         */
 
        /* remove hash entry (no decref) */
#if defined(DUK_USE_HOBJECT_HASH_PART)
        if (desc.h_idx >= 0) {
            duk_uint32_t *h_base = DUK_HOBJECT_H_GET_BASE(thr->heap, obj);
 
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("removing hash entry at h_idx %ld", (long) desc.h_idx));
            DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE(obj) > 0);
            DUK_ASSERT((duk_uint32_t) desc.h_idx < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE(obj));
            h_base[desc.h_idx] = DUK__HASH_DELETED;
        } else {
            DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE(obj) == 0);
        }
#else
        DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_HSIZE(obj) == 0);
#endif
 
        /* remove value */
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("before removing value, e_idx %ld, key %p, key at slot %p",
                             (long) desc.e_idx, (void *) key, (void *) DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY(thr->heap, obj, desc.e_idx)));
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("removing value at e_idx %ld", (long) desc.e_idx));
        DUK_MEMSET((void *) &tv_tmp, 0, sizeof(tv_tmp));
        DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED(&tv_tmp);
        if (DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ACCESSOR(thr->heap, obj, desc.e_idx)) {
            h_get = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_GETTER(thr->heap, obj, desc.e_idx);
            h_set = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_SETTER(thr->heap, obj, desc.e_idx);
            DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_VALUE_GETTER(thr->heap, obj, desc.e_idx, NULL);
            DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_VALUE_SETTER(thr->heap, obj, desc.e_idx, NULL);
        } else {
            tv = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(thr->heap, obj, desc.e_idx);
            DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv_tmp, tv);
            DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED(tv);
        }
#if 0
        /* Not strictly necessary because if key == NULL, flag MUST be ignored. */
        DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_FLAGS(thr->heap, obj, desc.e_idx, 0);
#endif
 
        /* remove key */
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("before removing key, e_idx %ld, key %p, key at slot %p",
                             (long) desc.e_idx, (void *) key, (void *) DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY(thr->heap, obj, desc.e_idx)));
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("removing key at e_idx %ld", (long) desc.e_idx));
        DUK_ASSERT(key == DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY(thr->heap, obj, desc.e_idx));
        DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_KEY(thr->heap, obj, desc.e_idx, NULL);
 
        /* Do decrefs only with safe pointers to avoid side effects
         * disturbing e_idx.
         */
        DUK_TVAL_DECREF(thr, &tv_tmp);
        DUK_HOBJECT_DECREF_ALLOWNULL(thr, h_get);
        DUK_HOBJECT_DECREF_ALLOWNULL(thr, h_set);
        DUK_HSTRING_DECREF(thr, key);
        goto success;
    }
 
    DUK_UNREACHABLE();
 
 success:
    /*
     *  Argument exotic [[Delete]] behavior (E5 Section 10.6) is
     *  a post-check, keeping arguments internal 'map' in sync with
     *  any successful deletes (note that property does not need to
     *  exist for delete to 'succeed').
     *
     *  Delete key from 'map'.  Since 'map' only contains array index
     *  keys, we can use arr_idx for a fast skip.
     */
 
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("delete successful, check for arguments exotic behavior"));
 
    if (arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX && DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARGUMENTS(obj)) {
        /* Note: only numbered indices are relevant, so arr_idx fast reject
         * is good (this is valid unless there are more than 4**32-1 arguments).
         */
 
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("delete successful, arguments exotic behavior needed"));
 
        /* Note: we can reuse 'desc' here */
        (void) duk__check_arguments_map_for_delete(thr, obj, key, &desc);
    }
 
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("delete successful"));
    return 1;
 
 fail_virtual:
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("delete failed: property found, force flag, but virtual"));
 
    if (throw_flag) {
        DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_PROPERTY_IS_VIRTUAL);
    }
    return 0;
 
 fail_not_configurable:
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("delete failed: property found, not configurable"));
 
    if (throw_flag) {
        DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_NOT_CONFIGURABLE);
    }
    return 0;
}
 
/*
 *  DELPROP: Ecmascript property deletion.
 */
 
DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_hobject_delprop(duk_hthread *thr, duk_tval *tv_obj, duk_tval *tv_key, duk_bool_t throw_flag) {
    duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
    duk_hstring *key = NULL;
#if defined(DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY)
    duk_propdesc desc;
#endif
    duk_int_t entry_top;
    duk_uint32_t arr_idx = DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX;
    duk_bool_t rc;
 
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("delprop: thr=%p, obj=%p, key=%p (obj -> %!T, key -> %!T)",
                         (void *) thr, (void *) tv_obj, (void *) tv_key,
                         (duk_tval *) tv_obj, (duk_tval *) tv_key));
 
    DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(tv_obj != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(tv_key != NULL);
 
    DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE);
 
    /* Storing the entry top is cheaper here to ensure stack is correct at exit,
     * as there are several paths out.
     */
    entry_top = duk_get_top(ctx);
 
    if (DUK_TVAL_IS_UNDEFINED(tv_obj) ||
        DUK_TVAL_IS_NULL(tv_obj)) {
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("base object is undefined or null -> reject"));
        goto fail_invalid_base_uncond;
    }
 
    duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_obj);
    duk_push_tval(ctx, tv_key);
 
    tv_obj = DUK_GET_TVAL_NEGIDX(ctx, -2);
    if (DUK_TVAL_IS_OBJECT(tv_obj)) {
        duk_hobject *obj = DUK_TVAL_GET_OBJECT(tv_obj);
        DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
 
#if defined(DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY)
        if (DUK_UNLIKELY(DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_PROXYOBJ(obj))) {
            duk_hobject *h_target;
            duk_bool_t tmp_bool;
 
            /* Note: proxy handling must happen before key is string coerced. */
 
            if (duk__proxy_check_prop(thr, obj, DUK_STRIDX_DELETE_PROPERTY, tv_key, &h_target)) {
                /* -> [ ... obj key trap handler ] */
                DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("-> proxy object 'deleteProperty' for key %!T", (duk_tval *) tv_key));
                duk_push_hobject(ctx, h_target);  /* target */
                duk_dup(ctx, -4);  /* P */
                duk_call_method(ctx, 2 /*nargs*/);
                tmp_bool = duk_to_boolean(ctx, -1);
                duk_pop(ctx);
                if (!tmp_bool) {
                    goto fail_proxy_rejected;  /* retval indicates delete failed */
                }
 
                /* Target object must be checked for a conflicting
                 * non-configurable property.
                 */
                tv_key = DUK_GET_TVAL_NEGIDX(ctx, -1);
                arr_idx = duk__push_tval_to_hstring_arr_idx(ctx, tv_key, &key);
                DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
 
                if (duk__get_own_propdesc_raw(thr, h_target, key, arr_idx, &desc, 0 /*flags*/)) {  /* don't push value */
                    int desc_reject;
 
                    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("proxy 'deleteProperty': target has matching property %!O, check for "
                                         "conflicting property; desc.flags=0x%08lx, "
                                         "desc.get=%p, desc.set=%p",
                                         (duk_heaphdr *) key, (unsigned long) desc.flags,
                                         (void *) desc.get, (void *) desc.set));
 
                    desc_reject = !(desc.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE);
                    if (desc_reject) {
                        /* unconditional */
                        DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_PROXY_REJECTED);
                    }
                }
                rc = 1;  /* success */
                goto done_rc;
            }
 
            obj = h_target;  /* resume delete to target */
        }
#endif  /* DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY */
 
        duk_to_string(ctx, -1);
        key = duk_get_hstring(ctx, -1);
        DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
 
        rc = duk_hobject_delprop_raw(thr, obj, key, throw_flag ? DUK_DELPROP_FLAG_THROW : 0);
        goto done_rc;
    } else if (DUK_TVAL_IS_STRING(tv_obj)) {
        /* XXX: unnecessary string coercion for array indices,
         * intentional to keep small.
         */
        duk_hstring *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_STRING(tv_obj);
        DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
 
        duk_to_string(ctx, -1);
        key = duk_get_hstring(ctx, -1);
        DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
 
        if (key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LENGTH(thr)) {
            goto fail_not_configurable;
        }
 
        arr_idx = DUK_HSTRING_GET_ARRIDX_FAST(key);
 
        if (arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX &&
            arr_idx < DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(h)) {
            goto fail_not_configurable;
        }
    } else if (DUK_TVAL_IS_BUFFER(tv_obj)) {
        /* XXX: unnecessary string coercion for array indices,
         * intentional to keep small; some overlap with string
         * handling.
         */
        duk_hbuffer *h = DUK_TVAL_GET_BUFFER(tv_obj);
        DUK_ASSERT(h != NULL);
 
        duk_to_string(ctx, -1);
        key = duk_get_hstring(ctx, -1);
        DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
 
        if (key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LENGTH(thr)) {
            goto fail_not_configurable;
        }
 
        arr_idx = DUK_HSTRING_GET_ARRIDX_FAST(key);
 
        if (arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX &&
            arr_idx < DUK_HBUFFER_GET_SIZE(h)) {
            goto fail_not_configurable;
        }
    } else if (DUK_TVAL_IS_LIGHTFUNC(tv_obj)) {
        /* Lightfunc virtual properties are non-configurable, so
         * reject if match any of them.
         */
 
        duk_to_string(ctx, -1);
        key = duk_get_hstring(ctx, -1);
        DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
 
        if (duk__key_is_lightfunc_ownprop(thr, key)) {
            goto fail_not_configurable;
        }
    }
 
    /* non-object base, no offending virtual property */
    rc = 1;
    goto done_rc;
 
 done_rc:
    duk_set_top(ctx, entry_top);
    return rc;
 
 fail_invalid_base_uncond:
    /* Note: unconditional throw */
    DUK_ASSERT(duk_get_top(ctx) == entry_top);
#if defined(DUK_USE_PARANOID_ERRORS)
    DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_BASE);
#else
    DUK_ERROR_FMT2(thr, DUK_ERR_TYPE_ERROR, "cannot delete property %s of %s",
                   duk_push_string_tval_readable(ctx, tv_key), duk_push_string_tval_readable(ctx, tv_obj));
#endif
    return 0;
 
#if defined(DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY)
 fail_proxy_rejected:
    if (throw_flag) {
        DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_PROXY_REJECTED);
    }
    duk_set_top(ctx, entry_top);
    return 0;
#endif
 
 fail_not_configurable:
    if (throw_flag) {
        DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_NOT_CONFIGURABLE);
    }
    duk_set_top(ctx, entry_top);
    return 0;
}
 
/*
 *  Internal helper to define a property with specific flags, ignoring
 *  normal semantics such as extensibility, write protection etc.
 *  Overwrites any existing value and attributes unless caller requests
 *  that value only be updated if it doesn't already exists.
 *
 *  Does not support:
 *    - virtual properties (error if write attempted)
 *    - getter/setter properties (error if write attempted)
 *    - non-default (!= WEC) attributes for array entries (error if attempted)
 *    - array abandoning: if array part exists, it is always extended
 *    - array 'length' updating
 *
 *  Stack: [... in_val] -> []
 *
 *  Used for e.g. built-in initialization and environment record
 *  operations.
 */
 
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_hobject_define_property_internal(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key, duk_small_uint_t flags) {
    duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
    duk_propdesc desc;
    duk_uint32_t arr_idx;
    duk_int_t e_idx;
    duk_tval *tv1 = NULL;
    duk_tval *tv2 = NULL;
    duk_small_uint_t propflags = flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_MASK;  /* mask out flags not actually stored */
 
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("define new property (internal): thr=%p, obj=%!O, key=%!O, flags=0x%02lx, val=%!T",
                         (void *) thr, (duk_heaphdr *) obj, (duk_heaphdr *) key,
                         (unsigned long) flags, (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
 
    DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_READONLY((duk_heaphdr *) obj));
    DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE);
    DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_valid_index(ctx, -1));  /* contains value */
 
    arr_idx = DUK_HSTRING_GET_ARRIDX_SLOW(key);
 
    if (duk__get_own_propdesc_raw(thr, obj, key, arr_idx, &desc, 0 /*flags*/)) {  /* don't push value */
        if (desc.e_idx >= 0) {
            if (flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_NO_OVERWRITE) {
                DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("property already exists in the entry part -> skip as requested"));
                goto pop_exit;
            }
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("property already exists in the entry part -> update value and attributes"));
            if (DUK_UNLIKELY(DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ACCESSOR(thr->heap, obj, desc.e_idx))) {
                DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("existing property is an accessor, not supported"));
                goto error_internal;
            }
 
            DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_FLAGS(thr->heap, obj, desc.e_idx, propflags);
            tv1 = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(thr->heap, obj, desc.e_idx);
        } else if (desc.a_idx >= 0) {
            if (flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_NO_OVERWRITE) {
                DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("property already exists in the array part -> skip as requested"));
                goto pop_exit;
            }
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("property already exists in the array part -> update value (assert attributes)"));
            if (propflags != DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WEC) {
                DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("existing property in array part, but propflags not WEC (0x%02lx)",
                                 (unsigned long) propflags));
                goto error_internal;
            }
 
            tv1 = DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE_PTR(thr->heap, obj, desc.a_idx);
        } else {
            if (flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_NO_OVERWRITE) {
                DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("property already exists but is virtual -> skip as requested"));
                goto pop_exit;
            }
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("property already exists but is virtual -> failure"));
            goto error_virtual;
        }
 
        goto write_value;
    }
 
    if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_ARRAY_PART(obj)) {
        if (arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX) {
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("property does not exist, object has array part -> possibly extend array part and write value (assert attributes)"));
            DUK_ASSERT(propflags == DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WEC);
 
            /* always grow the array, no sparse / abandon support here */
            if (arr_idx >= DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj)) {
                duk__grow_props_for_array_item(thr, obj, arr_idx);
            }
 
            DUK_ASSERT(arr_idx < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj));
            tv1 = DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE_PTR(thr->heap, obj, arr_idx);
            goto write_value;
        }
    }
 
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("property does not exist, object belongs in entry part -> allocate new entry and write value and attributes"));
    e_idx = duk__alloc_entry_checked(thr, obj, key);  /* increases key refcount */
    DUK_ASSERT(e_idx >= 0);
    DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_FLAGS(thr->heap, obj, e_idx, propflags);
    tv1 = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(thr->heap, obj, e_idx);
    /* new entry: previous value is garbage; set to undefined to share write_value */
    DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED(tv1);
    goto write_value;
 
 write_value:
    /* tv1 points to value storage */
 
    tv2 = duk_require_tval(ctx, -1);  /* late lookup, avoid side effects */
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("writing/updating value: %!T -> %!T",
                         (duk_tval *) tv1, (duk_tval *) tv2));
 
    DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF(thr, tv1, tv2);  /* side effects */
    goto pop_exit;
 
 pop_exit:
    duk_pop(ctx);  /* remove in_val */
    return;
 
 error_internal:
    DUK_ERROR_INTERNAL_DEFMSG(thr);
    return;
 
 error_virtual:
    DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_REDEFINE_VIRT_PROP);
    return;
}
 
/*
 *  Fast path for defining array indexed values without interning the key.
 *  This is used by e.g. code for Array prototype and traceback creation so
 *  must avoid interning.
 */
 
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_hobject_define_property_internal_arridx(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_uarridx_t arr_idx, duk_small_uint_t flags) {
    duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
    duk_hstring *key;
    duk_tval *tv1, *tv2;
 
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("define new property (internal) arr_idx fast path: thr=%p, obj=%!O, "
                         "arr_idx=%ld, flags=0x%02lx, val=%!T",
                         (void *) thr, obj, (long) arr_idx, (unsigned long) flags,
                         (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(ctx, -1)));
 
    DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_READONLY((duk_heaphdr *) obj));
 
    if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_ARRAY_PART(obj) &&
        arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX &&
        flags == DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WEC) {
        DUK_ASSERT((flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_NO_OVERWRITE) == 0);  /* covered by comparison */
 
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("define property to array part (property may or may not exist yet)"));
 
        /* always grow the array, no sparse / abandon support here */
        if (arr_idx >= DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj)) {
            duk__grow_props_for_array_item(thr, obj, arr_idx);
        }
 
        DUK_ASSERT(arr_idx < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj));
        tv1 = DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE_PTR(thr->heap, obj, arr_idx);
        tv2 = duk_require_tval(ctx, -1);
 
        DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF(thr, tv1, tv2);  /* side effects */
 
        duk_pop(ctx);  /* [ ...val ] -> [ ... ] */
        return;
    }
 
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("define property fast path didn't work, use slow path"));
 
    duk_push_uint(ctx, (duk_uint_t) arr_idx);
    key = duk_to_hstring(ctx, -1);
    DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
    duk_insert(ctx, -2);  /* [ ... val key ] -> [ ... key val ] */
 
    duk_hobject_define_property_internal(thr, obj, key, flags);
 
    duk_pop(ctx);  /* [ ... key ] -> [ ... ] */
}
 
/*
 *  Internal helper for defining an accessor property, ignoring
 *  normal semantics such as extensibility, write protection etc.
 *  Overwrites any existing value and attributes.  This is called
 *  very rarely, so the implementation first sets a value to undefined
 *  and then changes the entry to an accessor (this is to save code space).
 */
 
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_hobject_define_accessor_internal(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_hstring *key, duk_hobject *getter, duk_hobject *setter, duk_small_uint_t propflags) {
    duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
    duk_int_t e_idx;
    duk_int_t h_idx;
 
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("define new accessor (internal): thr=%p, obj=%!O, key=%!O, "
                         "getter=%!O, setter=%!O, flags=0x%02lx",
                         (void *) thr, (duk_heaphdr *) obj, (duk_heaphdr *) key,
                         (duk_heaphdr *) getter, (duk_heaphdr *) setter,
                         (unsigned long) propflags));
 
    DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT((propflags & ~DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_MASK) == 0);
    /* setter and/or getter may be NULL */
    DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_READONLY((duk_heaphdr *) obj));
 
    DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE);
 
    /* force the property to 'undefined' to create a slot for it */
    duk_push_undefined(ctx);
    duk_hobject_define_property_internal(thr, obj, key, propflags);
    duk_hobject_find_existing_entry(thr->heap, obj, key, &e_idx, &h_idx);
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("accessor slot: e_idx=%ld, h_idx=%ld", (long) e_idx, (long) h_idx));
    DUK_ASSERT(e_idx >= 0);
    DUK_ASSERT((duk_uint32_t) e_idx < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(obj));
 
    /* no need to decref, as previous value is 'undefined' */
    DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_SET_ACCESSOR(thr->heap, obj, e_idx);
    DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_VALUE_GETTER(thr->heap, obj, e_idx, getter);
    DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_VALUE_SETTER(thr->heap, obj, e_idx, setter);
    DUK_HOBJECT_INCREF_ALLOWNULL(thr, getter);
    DUK_HOBJECT_INCREF_ALLOWNULL(thr, setter);
}
 
/*
 *  Internal helpers for managing object 'length'
 */
 
/* XXX: awkward helpers */
 
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_hobject_set_length(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_uint32_t length) {
    duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
    duk_push_hobject(ctx, obj);
    duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, DUK_STRIDX_LENGTH);
    duk_push_u32(ctx, length);
    (void) duk_hobject_putprop(thr,
                               DUK_GET_TVAL_NEGIDX(ctx, -3),
                               DUK_GET_TVAL_NEGIDX(ctx, -2),
                               DUK_GET_TVAL_NEGIDX(ctx, -1),
                               0);
    duk_pop_n(ctx, 3);
}
 
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_hobject_set_length_zero(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj) {
    duk_hobject_set_length(thr, obj, 0);
}
 
DUK_INTERNAL duk_uint32_t duk_hobject_get_length(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj) {
    duk_context *ctx = (duk_context *) thr;
    duk_double_t val;
    duk_push_hobject(ctx, obj);
    duk_push_hstring_stridx(ctx, DUK_STRIDX_LENGTH);
    (void) duk_hobject_getprop(thr,
                               DUK_GET_TVAL_NEGIDX(ctx, -2),
                               DUK_GET_TVAL_NEGIDX(ctx, -1));
    val = duk_to_number(ctx, -1);
    duk_pop_n(ctx, 3);
    if (val >= 0.0 && val < DUK_DOUBLE_2TO32) {
        return (duk_uint32_t) val;
    }
    return 0;
}
 
/*
 *  Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor()  (E5 Sections 15.2.3.3, 8.10.4)
 *
 *  This is an actual function call.
 */
 
DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_hobject_object_get_own_property_descriptor(duk_context *ctx) {
    duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
    duk_hobject *obj;
    duk_hstring *key;
    duk_propdesc pd;
    duk_bool_t rc;
 
    DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap != NULL);
 
    obj = duk_require_hobject_or_lfunc_coerce(ctx, 0);
    (void) duk_to_string(ctx, 1);
    key = duk_require_hstring(ctx, 1);
 
    DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
 
    DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE);
 
    rc = duk_hobject_get_own_propdesc(thr, obj, key, &pd, DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE);
    if (!rc) {
        duk_push_undefined(ctx);
 
        /* [obj key undefined] */
        return 1;
    }
 
    duk_push_object(ctx);
 
    /* [obj key value desc] */
 
    if (DUK_PROPDESC_IS_ACCESSOR(&pd)) {
        /* If a setter/getter is missing (undefined), the descriptor must
         * still have the property present with the value 'undefined'.
         */
        if (pd.get) {
            duk_push_hobject(ctx, pd.get);
        } else {
            duk_push_undefined(ctx);
        }
        duk_put_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_GET);
        if (pd.set) {
            duk_push_hobject(ctx, pd.set);
        } else {
            duk_push_undefined(ctx);
        }
        duk_put_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_SET);
    } else {
        duk_dup(ctx, -2);  /* [obj key value desc value] */
        duk_put_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_VALUE);
        duk_push_boolean(ctx, DUK_PROPDESC_IS_WRITABLE(&pd));
        duk_put_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_WRITABLE);
 
        /* [obj key value desc] */
    }
    duk_push_boolean(ctx, DUK_PROPDESC_IS_ENUMERABLE(&pd));
    duk_put_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_ENUMERABLE);
    duk_push_boolean(ctx, DUK_PROPDESC_IS_CONFIGURABLE(&pd));
    duk_put_prop_stridx(ctx, -2, DUK_STRIDX_CONFIGURABLE);
 
    /* [obj key value desc] */
    return 1;
}
 
/*
 *  NormalizePropertyDescriptor() related helper.
 *
 *  Internal helper which validates and normalizes a property descriptor
 *  represented as an Ecmascript object (e.g. argument to defineProperty()).
 *  The output of this conversion is a set of defprop_flags and possibly
 *  some values pushed on the value stack; some subset of: property value,
 *  getter, setter.  Caller must manage stack top carefully because the
 *  number of values pushed depends on the input property descriptor.
 *
 *  The original descriptor object must not be altered in the process.
 */
 
/* XXX: very basic optimization -> duk_get_prop_stridx_top */
 
DUK_INTERNAL
void duk_hobject_prepare_property_descriptor(duk_context *ctx,
                                             duk_idx_t idx_in,
                                             duk_uint_t *out_defprop_flags,
                                             duk_idx_t *out_idx_value,
                                             duk_hobject **out_getter,
                                             duk_hobject **out_setter) {
    duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
    duk_idx_t idx_value = -1;
    duk_hobject *getter = NULL;
    duk_hobject *setter = NULL;
    duk_bool_t is_data_desc = 0;
    duk_bool_t is_acc_desc = 0;
    duk_uint_t defprop_flags = 0;
 
    DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(out_defprop_flags != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(out_idx_value != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(out_getter != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(out_setter != NULL);
 
    /* Must be an object, otherwise TypeError (E5.1 Section 8.10.5, step 1). */
    idx_in = duk_require_normalize_index(ctx, idx_in);
    (void) duk_require_hobject(ctx, idx_in);
 
    /* The coercion order must match the ToPropertyDescriptor() algorithm
     * so that side effects in coercion happen in the correct order.
     * (This order also happens to be compatible with duk_def_prop(),
     * although it doesn't matter in practice.)
     */
 
    if (duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, idx_in, DUK_STRIDX_VALUE)) {
        is_data_desc = 1;
        defprop_flags |= DUK_DEFPROP_HAVE_VALUE;
        idx_value = duk_get_top_index(ctx);
        /* Leave 'value' on stack */
    } else {
        duk_pop(ctx);
    }
 
    if (duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, idx_in, DUK_STRIDX_WRITABLE)) {
        is_data_desc = 1;
        if (duk_to_boolean(ctx, -1)) {
            defprop_flags |= DUK_DEFPROP_HAVE_WRITABLE | DUK_DEFPROP_WRITABLE;
        } else {
            defprop_flags |= DUK_DEFPROP_HAVE_WRITABLE;
        }
    }
    duk_pop(ctx);
 
    if (duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, idx_in, DUK_STRIDX_GET)) {
        duk_tval *tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, -1);
        duk_hobject *h_get;
 
        if (DUK_TVAL_IS_UNDEFINED(tv)) {
            /* undefined is accepted */
            DUK_ASSERT(getter == NULL);
        } else {
            /* NOTE: lightfuncs are coerced to full functions because
             * lightfuncs don't fit into a property value slot.  This
             * has some side effects, see test-dev-lightfunc-accessor.js.
             */
            h_get = duk_get_hobject_or_lfunc_coerce(ctx, -1);
            if (h_get == NULL || !DUK_HOBJECT_IS_CALLABLE(h_get)) {
                goto type_error;
            }
            getter = h_get;
        }
        is_acc_desc = 1;
        defprop_flags |= DUK_DEFPROP_HAVE_GETTER;
        /* Leave 'getter' on stack */
    } else {
        duk_pop(ctx);
    }
 
    if (duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, idx_in, DUK_STRIDX_SET)) {
        duk_tval *tv = duk_require_tval(ctx, -1);
        duk_hobject *h_set;
 
        if (DUK_TVAL_IS_UNDEFINED(tv)) {
            /* undefined is accepted */
            DUK_ASSERT(setter == NULL);
        }  else {
            /* NOTE: lightfuncs are coerced to full functions because
             * lightfuncs don't fit into a property value slot.  This
             * has some side effects, see test-dev-lightfunc-accessor.js.
             */
            h_set = duk_get_hobject_or_lfunc_coerce(ctx, -1);
            if (h_set == NULL || !DUK_HOBJECT_IS_CALLABLE(h_set)) {
                goto type_error;
            }
            setter = h_set;
        }
        is_acc_desc = 1;
        defprop_flags |= DUK_DEFPROP_HAVE_SETTER;
        /* Leave 'setter' on stack */
    } else {
        duk_pop(ctx);
    }
 
    if (duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, idx_in, DUK_STRIDX_ENUMERABLE)) {
        if (duk_to_boolean(ctx, -1)) {
            defprop_flags |= DUK_DEFPROP_HAVE_ENUMERABLE | DUK_DEFPROP_ENUMERABLE;
        } else {
            defprop_flags |= DUK_DEFPROP_HAVE_ENUMERABLE;
        }
    }
    duk_pop(ctx);
 
    if (duk_get_prop_stridx(ctx, idx_in, DUK_STRIDX_CONFIGURABLE)) {
        if (duk_to_boolean(ctx, -1)) {
            defprop_flags |= DUK_DEFPROP_HAVE_CONFIGURABLE | DUK_DEFPROP_CONFIGURABLE;
        } else {
            defprop_flags |= DUK_DEFPROP_HAVE_CONFIGURABLE;
        }
    }
    duk_pop(ctx);
 
    if (is_data_desc && is_acc_desc) {
        goto type_error;
    }
 
    *out_defprop_flags = defprop_flags;
    *out_idx_value = idx_value;
    *out_getter = getter;
    *out_setter = setter;
 
    /* [ ... value? getter? setter? ] */
    return;
 
 type_error:
    DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_INVALID_DESCRIPTOR);
}
 
/*
 *  Object.defineProperty() related helper  (E5 Section 15.2.3.6)
 *
 *  Inlines all [[DefineOwnProperty]] exotic behaviors.
 *
 *  Note: Ecmascript compliant [[DefineOwnProperty]](P, Desc, Throw) is not
 *  implemented directly, but Object.defineProperty() serves its purpose.
 *  We don't need the [[DefineOwnProperty]] internally and we don't have a
 *  property descriptor with 'missing values' so it's easier to avoid it
 *  entirely.
 *
 *  Note: this is only called for actual objects, not primitive values.
 *  This must support virtual properties for full objects (e.g. Strings)
 *  but not for plain values (e.g. strings).  Lightfuncs, even though
 *  primitive in a sense, are treated like objects and accepted as target
 *  values.
 */
 
/* XXX: this is a major target for size optimization */
DUK_INTERNAL
void duk_hobject_define_property_helper(duk_context *ctx,
                                        duk_uint_t defprop_flags,
                                        duk_hobject *obj,
                                        duk_hstring *key,
                                        duk_idx_t idx_value,
                                        duk_hobject *get,
                                        duk_hobject *set) {
    duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
    duk_uint32_t arr_idx;
    duk_tval tv;
    duk_bool_t has_enumerable;
    duk_bool_t has_configurable;
    duk_bool_t has_writable;
    duk_bool_t has_value;
    duk_bool_t has_get;
    duk_bool_t has_set;
    duk_bool_t is_enumerable;
    duk_bool_t is_configurable;
    duk_bool_t is_writable;
    duk_bool_t throw_flag;
    duk_bool_t force_flag;
    duk_small_uint_t new_flags;
    duk_propdesc curr;
    duk_uint32_t arridx_new_array_length;  /* != 0 => post-update for array 'length' (used when key is an array index) */
    duk_uint32_t arrlen_old_len;
    duk_uint32_t arrlen_new_len;
    duk_bool_t pending_write_protect;
 
    DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(ctx != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(key != NULL);
    /* idx_value may be < 0 (no value), set and get may be NULL */
 
    DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE);
 
    /* All the flags fit in 16 bits, so will fit into duk_bool_t. */
 
    has_writable = (defprop_flags & DUK_DEFPROP_HAVE_WRITABLE);
    has_enumerable = (defprop_flags & DUK_DEFPROP_HAVE_ENUMERABLE);
    has_configurable = (defprop_flags & DUK_DEFPROP_HAVE_CONFIGURABLE);
    has_value = (defprop_flags & DUK_DEFPROP_HAVE_VALUE);
    has_get = (defprop_flags & DUK_DEFPROP_HAVE_GETTER);
    has_set = (defprop_flags & DUK_DEFPROP_HAVE_SETTER);
    is_writable = (defprop_flags & DUK_DEFPROP_WRITABLE);
    is_enumerable = (defprop_flags & DUK_DEFPROP_ENUMERABLE);
    is_configurable = (defprop_flags & DUK_DEFPROP_CONFIGURABLE);
    throw_flag = 1;   /* Object.defineProperty() calls [[DefineOwnProperty]] with Throw=true */
    force_flag = (defprop_flags & DUK_DEFPROP_FORCE);
 
    arr_idx = DUK_HSTRING_GET_ARRIDX_SLOW(key);
 
    arridx_new_array_length = 0;
    pending_write_protect = 0;
    arrlen_old_len = 0;
    arrlen_new_len = 0;
 
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("has_enumerable=%ld is_enumerable=%ld "
                         "has_configurable=%ld is_configurable=%ld "
                         "has_writable=%ld is_writable=%ld "
                         "has_value=%ld value=%!T "
                         "has_get=%ld get=%p=%!O "
                         "has_set=%ld set=%p=%!O "
                         "arr_idx=%ld",
                         (long) has_enumerable, (long) is_enumerable,
                         (long) has_configurable, (long) is_configurable,
                         (long) has_writable, (long) is_writable,
                         (long) has_value, (duk_tval *) (idx_value >= 0 ? duk_get_tval(ctx, idx_value) : NULL),
                         (long) has_get, (void *) get, (duk_heaphdr *) get,
                         (long) has_set, (void *) set, (duk_heaphdr *) set,
                         (long) arr_idx));
 
    /*
     *  Array exotic behaviors can be implemented at this point.  The local variables
     *  are essentially a 'value copy' of the input descriptor (Desc), which is modified
     *  by the Array [[DefineOwnProperty]] (E5 Section 15.4.5.1).
     */
 
    if (!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARRAY(obj)) {
        goto skip_array_exotic;
    }
 
    if (key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LENGTH(thr)) {
        /* E5 Section 15.4.5.1, step 3, steps a - i are implemented here, j - n at the end */
        if (!has_value) {
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("exotic array behavior for 'length', but no value in descriptor -> normal behavior"));
            goto skip_array_exotic;
        }
 
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("exotic array behavior for 'length', value present in descriptor -> exotic behavior"));
 
        /*
         *  Get old and new length
         */
 
        /* Note: reuse 'curr' as a temp propdesc */
        arrlen_old_len = duk__get_old_array_length(thr, obj, &curr);
 
        duk_dup(ctx, idx_value);
        arrlen_new_len = duk__to_new_array_length_checked(thr);
        duk_push_u32(ctx, arrlen_new_len);
        duk_replace(ctx, idx_value);  /* step 3.e: replace 'Desc.[[Value]]' */
 
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("old_len=%ld, new_len=%ld", (long) arrlen_old_len, (long) arrlen_new_len));
 
        if (arrlen_new_len >= arrlen_old_len) {
            /* standard behavior, step 3.f.i */
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("new length is same or higher as previous => standard behavior"));
            goto skip_array_exotic;
        }
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("new length is smaller than previous => exotic post behavior"));
 
        /* XXX: consolidated algorithm step 15.f -> redundant? */
        if (!(curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE) && !force_flag) {
            /* Note: 'curr' refers to 'length' propdesc */
            goto fail_not_writable_array_length;
        }
 
        /* steps 3.h and 3.i */
        if (has_writable && !is_writable) {
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("desc writable is false, force it back to true, and flag pending write protect"));
            is_writable = 1;
            pending_write_protect = 1;
        }
 
        /* remaining actual steps are carried out if standard DefineOwnProperty succeeds */
    } else if (arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX) {
        /* XXX: any chance of unifying this with the 'length' key handling? */
 
        /* E5 Section 15.4.5.1, step 4 */
        duk_uint32_t old_len;
 
        /* Note: use 'curr' as a temp propdesc */
        old_len = duk__get_old_array_length(thr, obj, &curr);
 
        if (arr_idx >= old_len) {
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("defineProperty requires array length update "
                                 "(arr_idx=%ld, old_len=%ld)",
                                 (long) arr_idx, (long) old_len));
 
            if (!(curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE)) {
                /* Note: 'curr' refers to 'length' propdesc */
                goto fail_not_writable_array_length;
            }
 
            /* actual update happens once write has been completed without
             * error below.
             */
            DUK_ASSERT(arr_idx != 0xffffffffUL);
            arridx_new_array_length = arr_idx + 1;
        } else {
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("defineProperty does not require length update "
                                 "(arr_idx=%ld, old_len=%ld) -> standard behavior",
                                 (long) arr_idx, (long) old_len));
        }
    }
 skip_array_exotic:
 
    /* XXX: There is currently no support for writing buffer object
     * indexed elements here.  Attempt to do so will succeed and
     * write a concrete property into the buffer object.  This should
     * be fixed at some point but because buffers are a custom feature
     * anyway, this is relatively unimportant.
     */
 
    /*
     *  Actual Object.defineProperty() default algorithm.
     */
 
    /*
     *  First check whether property exists; if not, simple case.  This covers
     *  steps 1-4.
     */
 
    if (!duk__get_own_propdesc_raw(thr, obj, key, arr_idx, &curr, DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE)) {
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("property does not exist"));
 
        if (!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXTENSIBLE(obj) && !force_flag) {
            goto fail_not_extensible;
        }
 
        /* XXX: share final setting code for value and flags?  difficult because
         * refcount code is different.  Share entry allocation?  But can't allocate
         * until array index checked.
         */
 
        /* steps 4.a and 4.b are tricky */
        if (has_set || has_get) {
            duk_int_t e_idx;
 
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("create new accessor property"));
 
            DUK_ASSERT(has_set || set == NULL);
            DUK_ASSERT(has_get || get == NULL);
            DUK_ASSERT(!has_value);
            DUK_ASSERT(!has_writable);
 
            new_flags = DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR;  /* defaults, E5 Section 8.6.1, Table 7 */
            if (has_enumerable && is_enumerable) {
                new_flags |= DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ENUMERABLE;
            }
            if (has_configurable && is_configurable) {
                new_flags |= DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE;
            }
 
            if (arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX && DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_ARRAY_PART(obj)) {
                DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("accessor cannot go to array part, abandon array"));
                duk__abandon_array_checked(thr, obj);
            }
 
            /* write to entry part */
            e_idx = duk__alloc_entry_checked(thr, obj, key);
            DUK_ASSERT(e_idx >= 0);
 
            DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_VALUE_GETTER(thr->heap, obj, e_idx, get);
            DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_VALUE_SETTER(thr->heap, obj, e_idx, set);
            DUK_HOBJECT_INCREF_ALLOWNULL(thr, get);
            DUK_HOBJECT_INCREF_ALLOWNULL(thr, set);
 
            DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_FLAGS(thr->heap, obj, e_idx, new_flags);
            goto success_exotics;
        } else {
            duk_int_t e_idx;
            duk_tval *tv2;
 
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("create new data property"));
 
            DUK_ASSERT(!has_set);
            DUK_ASSERT(!has_get);
 
            new_flags = 0;  /* defaults, E5 Section 8.6.1, Table 7 */
            if (has_writable && is_writable) {
                new_flags |= DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE;
            }
            if (has_enumerable && is_enumerable) {
                new_flags |= DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ENUMERABLE;
            }
            if (has_configurable && is_configurable) {
                new_flags |= DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE;
            }
            if (has_value) {
                duk_tval *tv_tmp = duk_require_tval(ctx, idx_value);
                DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv, tv_tmp);
            } else {
                DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED(&tv);  /* default value */
            }
 
            if (arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX && DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_ARRAY_PART(obj)) {
                if (new_flags == DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WEC) {
#if 0
                    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("new data property attributes match array defaults, attempt to write to array part"));
                    /* may become sparse...*/
#endif
                    /* XXX: handling for array part missing now; this doesn't affect
                     * compliance but causes array entry writes using defineProperty()
                     * to always abandon array part.
                     */
                }
                DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("new data property cannot go to array part, abandon array"));
                duk__abandon_array_checked(thr, obj);
                /* fall through */
            }
 
            /* write to entry part */
            e_idx = duk__alloc_entry_checked(thr, obj, key);
            DUK_ASSERT(e_idx >= 0);
            tv2 = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(thr->heap, obj, e_idx);
            DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(tv2, &tv);
            DUK_TVAL_INCREF(thr, tv2);
 
            DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_FLAGS(thr->heap, obj, e_idx, new_flags);
            goto success_exotics;
        }
        DUK_UNREACHABLE();
    }
 
    /* we currently assume virtual properties are not configurable (as none of them are) */
    DUK_ASSERT((curr.e_idx >= 0 || curr.a_idx >= 0) || !(curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE));
 
    /* [obj key desc value get set curr_value] */
 
    /*
     *  Property already exists.  Steps 5-6 detect whether any changes need
     *  to be made.
     */
 
    if (has_enumerable) {
        if (is_enumerable) {
            if (!(curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ENUMERABLE)) {
                goto need_check;
            }
        } else {
            if (curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ENUMERABLE) {
                goto need_check;
            }
        }
    }
    if (has_configurable) {
        if (is_configurable) {
            if (!(curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE)) {
                goto need_check;
            }
        } else {
            if (curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE) {
                goto need_check;
            }
        }
    }
    if (has_value) {
        duk_tval *tmp1;
        duk_tval *tmp2;
 
        /* attempt to change from accessor to data property */
        if (curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR) {
            goto need_check;
        }
 
        tmp1 = duk_require_tval(ctx, -1);         /* curr value */
        tmp2 = duk_require_tval(ctx, idx_value);  /* new value */
        if (!duk_js_samevalue(tmp1, tmp2)) {
            goto need_check;
        }
    }
    if (has_writable) {
        /* attempt to change from accessor to data property */
        if (curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR) {
            goto need_check;
        }
 
        if (is_writable) {
            if (!(curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE)) {
                goto need_check;
            }
        } else {
            if (curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE) {
                goto need_check;
            }
        }
    }
    if (has_set) {
        if (curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR) {
            if (set != curr.set) {
                goto need_check;
            }
        } else {
            goto need_check;
        }
    }
    if (has_get) {
        if (curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR) {
            if (get != curr.get) {
                goto need_check;
            }
        } else {
            goto need_check;
        }
    }
 
    /* property exists, either 'desc' is empty, or all values
     * match (SameValue)
     */
    goto success_no_exotics;
 
 need_check:
 
    /*
     *  Some change(s) need to be made.  Steps 7-11.
     */
 
    /* shared checks for all descriptor types */
    if (!(curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE) && !force_flag) {
        if (has_configurable && is_configurable) {
            goto fail_not_configurable;
        }
        if (has_enumerable) {
            if (curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ENUMERABLE) {
                if (!is_enumerable) {
                    goto fail_not_configurable;
                }
            } else {
                if (is_enumerable) {
                    goto fail_not_configurable;
                }
            }
        }
    }
 
    /* Reject attempt to change virtual properties: not part of the
     * standard algorithm, applies currently to e.g. virtual index
     * properties of buffer objects (which are virtual but writable).
     * (Cannot "force" modification of a virtual property.)
     */
    if (curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_VIRTUAL) {
        goto fail_virtual;
    }
 
    /* Reject attempt to change a read-only object. */
#if defined(DUK_USE_ROM_OBJECTS)
    if (DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_READONLY((duk_heaphdr *) obj)) {
        DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("attempt to define property on read-only target object"));
        goto fail_not_configurable;
    }
#endif
 
    /* descriptor type specific checks */
    if (has_set || has_get) {
        /* IsAccessorDescriptor(desc) == true */
        DUK_ASSERT(!has_writable);
        DUK_ASSERT(!has_value);
 
        if (curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR) {
            /* curr and desc are accessors */
            if (!(curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE) && !force_flag) {
                if (has_set && set != curr.set) {
                    goto fail_not_configurable;
                }
                if (has_get && get != curr.get) {
                    goto fail_not_configurable;
                }
            }
        } else {
            duk_bool_t rc;
            duk_tval *tv1;
            duk_tval tv_tmp;
 
            /* curr is data, desc is accessor */
            if (!(curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE) && !force_flag) {
                goto fail_not_configurable;
            }
 
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("convert property to accessor property"));
            if (curr.a_idx >= 0) {
                DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("property to convert is stored in an array entry, abandon array and re-lookup"));
                duk__abandon_array_checked(thr, obj);
                duk_pop(ctx);  /* remove old value */
                rc = duk__get_own_propdesc_raw(thr, obj, key, arr_idx, &curr, DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE);
                DUK_UNREF(rc);
                DUK_ASSERT(rc != 0);
                DUK_ASSERT(curr.e_idx >= 0 && curr.a_idx < 0);
            }
 
            DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ACCESSOR(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx));
 
            /* Avoid side effects that might disturb curr.e_idx until
             * we're done editing the slot.
             */
            tv1 = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx);
            DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL(&tv_tmp, tv1);
            DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED(tv1);
 
            DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_VALUE_GETTER(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx, NULL);
            DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_VALUE_SETTER(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx, NULL);
            DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_CLEAR_WRITABLE(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx);
            DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_SET_ACCESSOR(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx);
 
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("flags after data->accessor conversion: 0x%02lx",
                                 (unsigned long) DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_FLAGS(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx)));
 
            DUK_TVAL_DECREF(thr, &tv_tmp);  /* side effects */
 
            /* re-lookup to update curr.flags
             * XXX: would be faster to update directly
             */
            duk_pop(ctx);  /* remove old value */
            rc = duk__get_own_propdesc_raw(thr, obj, key, arr_idx, &curr, DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE);
            DUK_UNREF(rc);
            DUK_ASSERT(rc != 0);
        }
    } else if (has_value || has_writable) {
        /* IsDataDescriptor(desc) == true */
        DUK_ASSERT(!has_set);
        DUK_ASSERT(!has_get);
 
        if (curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR) {
            duk_bool_t rc;
            duk_hobject *h_get;
            duk_hobject *h_set;
 
            /* curr is accessor, desc is data */
            if (!(curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE) && !force_flag) {
                goto fail_not_configurable;
            }
 
            /* curr is accessor -> cannot be in array part */
            DUK_ASSERT(curr.e_idx >= 0 && curr.a_idx < 0);
 
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("convert property to data property"));
 
            /* Avoid side effects that might disturb curr.e_idx until
             * we're done editing the slot.
             */
            DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ACCESSOR(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx));
            h_get = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_GETTER(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx);
            DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_VALUE_GETTER(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx, NULL);
            h_set = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_SETTER(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx);
            DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_VALUE_SETTER(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx, NULL);
 
            DUK_TVAL_SET_UNDEFINED(DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx));
            DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_CLEAR_WRITABLE(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx);
            DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_CLEAR_ACCESSOR(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx);
 
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("flags after accessor->data conversion: 0x%02lx",
                                 (unsigned long) DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_FLAGS(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx)));
 
            DUK_HOBJECT_DECREF_ALLOWNULL(thr, h_get);  /* side effects */
            DUK_HOBJECT_DECREF_ALLOWNULL(thr, h_set);  /* side effects */
 
            /* re-lookup to update curr.flags
             * XXX: would be faster to update directly
             */
            duk_pop(ctx);  /* remove old value */
            rc = duk__get_own_propdesc_raw(thr, obj, key, arr_idx, &curr, DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE);
            DUK_UNREF(rc);
            DUK_ASSERT(rc != 0);
        } else {
            /* curr and desc are data */
            if (!(curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE) && !force_flag) {
                if (!(curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE) && has_writable && is_writable) {
                    goto fail_not_configurable;
                }
                /* Note: changing from writable to non-writable is OK */
                if (!(curr.flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE) && has_value) {
                    duk_tval *tmp1 = duk_require_tval(ctx, -1);         /* curr value */
                    duk_tval *tmp2 = duk_require_tval(ctx, idx_value);  /* new value */
                    if (!duk_js_samevalue(tmp1, tmp2)) {
                        goto fail_not_configurable;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    } else {
        /* IsGenericDescriptor(desc) == true; this means in practice that 'desc'
         * only has [[Enumerable]] or [[Configurable]] flag updates, which are
         * allowed at this point.
         */
 
        DUK_ASSERT(!has_value && !has_writable && !has_get && !has_set);
    }
 
    /*
     *  Start doing property attributes updates.  Steps 12-13.
     *
     *  Start by computing new attribute flags without writing yet.
     *  Property type conversion is done above if necessary.
     */
 
    new_flags = curr.flags;
 
    if (has_enumerable) {
        if (is_enumerable) {
            new_flags |= DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ENUMERABLE;
        } else {
            new_flags &= ~DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ENUMERABLE;
        }
    }
    if (has_configurable) {
        if (is_configurable) {
            new_flags |= DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE;
        } else {
            new_flags &= ~DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE;
        }
    }
    if (has_writable) {
        if (is_writable) {
            new_flags |= DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE;
        } else {
            new_flags &= ~DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE;
        }
    }
 
    /* XXX: write protect after flag? -> any chance of handling it here? */
 
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("new flags that we want to write: 0x%02lx",
                         (unsigned long) new_flags));
 
    /*
     *  Check whether we need to abandon an array part (if it exists)
     */
 
    if (curr.a_idx >= 0) {
        duk_bool_t rc;
 
        DUK_ASSERT(curr.e_idx < 0);
 
        if (new_flags == DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WEC) {
            duk_tval *tv1, *tv2;
 
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("array index, new property attributes match array defaults, update in-place"));
 
            DUK_ASSERT(curr.flags == DUK_PROPDESC_FLAGS_WEC);  /* must have been, since in array part */
            DUK_ASSERT(!has_set);
            DUK_ASSERT(!has_get);
 
            tv2 = duk_require_tval(ctx, idx_value);
            tv1 = DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE_PTR(thr->heap, obj, curr.a_idx);
            DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF(thr, tv1, tv2);  /* side effects */
            goto success_exotics;
        }
 
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("array index, new property attributes do not match array defaults, abandon array and re-lookup"));
        duk__abandon_array_checked(thr, obj);
        duk_pop(ctx);  /* remove old value */
        rc = duk__get_own_propdesc_raw(thr, obj, key, arr_idx, &curr, DUK_GETDESC_FLAG_PUSH_VALUE);
        DUK_UNREF(rc);
        DUK_ASSERT(rc != 0);
        DUK_ASSERT(curr.e_idx >= 0 && curr.a_idx < 0);
    }
 
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("updating existing property in entry part"));
 
    /* array case is handled comprehensively above */
    DUK_ASSERT(curr.e_idx >= 0 && curr.a_idx < 0);
 
    DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("update existing property attributes"));
    DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_FLAGS(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx, new_flags);
 
    if (has_set) {
        duk_hobject *tmp;
 
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("update existing property setter"));
        DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ACCESSOR(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx));
 
        tmp = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_SETTER(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx);
        DUK_UNREF(tmp);
        DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_VALUE_SETTER(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx, set);
        DUK_HOBJECT_INCREF_ALLOWNULL(thr, set);
        DUK_HOBJECT_DECREF_ALLOWNULL(thr, tmp);  /* side effects */
    }
    if (has_get) {
        duk_hobject *tmp;
 
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("update existing property getter"));
        DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ACCESSOR(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx));
 
        tmp = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_GETTER(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx);
        DUK_UNREF(tmp);
        DUK_HOBJECT_E_SET_VALUE_GETTER(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx, get);
        DUK_HOBJECT_INCREF_ALLOWNULL(thr, get);
        DUK_HOBJECT_DECREF_ALLOWNULL(thr, tmp);  /* side effects */
    }
    if (has_value) {
        duk_tval *tv1, *tv2;
 
        DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("update existing property value"));
        DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ACCESSOR(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx));
 
        tv2 = duk_require_tval(ctx, idx_value);
        tv1 = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx);
        DUK_TVAL_SET_TVAL_UPDREF(thr, tv1, tv2);  /* side effects */
    }
 
    /*
     *  Standard algorithm succeeded without errors, check for exotic post-behaviors.
     *
     *  Arguments exotic behavior in E5 Section 10.6 occurs after the standard
     *  [[DefineOwnProperty]] has completed successfully.
     *
     *  Array exotic behavior in E5 Section 15.4.5.1 is implemented partly
     *  prior to the default [[DefineOwnProperty]], but:
     *    - for an array index key (e.g. "10") the final 'length' update occurs here
     *    - for 'length' key the element deletion and 'length' update occurs here
     */
 
 success_exotics:
 
    /* [obj key desc value get set curr_value] */
 
    if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARRAY(obj)) {
        if (arridx_new_array_length > 0) {
            duk_tval *tmp;
            duk_bool_t rc;
 
            /*
             *  Note: zero works as a "no update" marker because the new length
             *  can never be zero after a new property is written.
             */
 
            /* E5 Section 15.4.5.1, steps 4.e.i - 4.e.ii */
 
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("defineProperty successful, pending array length update to: %ld",
                                 (long) arridx_new_array_length));
 
            /* Note: reuse 'curr' */
            rc = duk__get_own_propdesc_raw(thr, obj, DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LENGTH(thr), DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX, &curr, 0 /*flags*/);  /* don't push value */
            DUK_UNREF(rc);
            DUK_ASSERT(rc != 0);
            DUK_ASSERT(curr.e_idx >= 0);
 
            tmp = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx);
            DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tmp));
            /* no need for decref/incref because value is a number */
            DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_U32(tmp, arridx_new_array_length);
        }
        if (key == DUK_HTHREAD_STRING_LENGTH(thr) && arrlen_new_len < arrlen_old_len) {
            /*
             *  E5 Section 15.4.5.1, steps 3.k - 3.n.  The order at the end combines
             *  the error case 3.l.iii and the success case 3.m-3.n.
             *
             *  Note: 'length' is always in entries part, so no array abandon issues for
             *  'writable' update.
             */
 
            /* XXX: investigate whether write protect can be handled above, if we
             * just update length here while ignoring its protected status
             */
 
            duk_tval *tmp;
            duk_uint32_t result_len;
            duk_bool_t rc;
 
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("defineProperty successful, key is 'length', exotic array behavior, "
                                 "doing array element deletion and length update"));
 
            rc = duk__handle_put_array_length_smaller(thr, obj, arrlen_old_len, arrlen_new_len, force_flag, &result_len);
 
            /* update length (curr points to length, and we assume it's still valid) */
            DUK_ASSERT(result_len >= arrlen_new_len && result_len <= arrlen_old_len);
 
            DUK_ASSERT(curr.e_idx >= 0);
            DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ACCESSOR(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx));
            tmp = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_TVAL_PTR(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx);
            DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tmp));
            /* no decref needed for a number */
            DUK_TVAL_SET_FASTINT_U32(tmp, result_len);
            DUK_ASSERT(DUK_TVAL_IS_NUMBER(tmp));
 
            if (pending_write_protect) {
                DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("setting array length non-writable (pending writability update)"));
                DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_CLEAR_WRITABLE(thr->heap, obj, curr.e_idx);
            }
 
            /*
             *  XXX: shrink array allocation or entries compaction here?
             */
 
            if (!rc) {
                goto fail_array_length_partial;
            }
        }
    } else if (arr_idx != DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX && DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARGUMENTS(obj)) {
        duk_hobject *map;
        duk_hobject *varenv;
 
        DUK_ASSERT(arridx_new_array_length == 0);
        DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARRAY(obj));  /* traits are separate; in particular, arguments not an array */
 
        map = NULL;
        varenv = NULL;
        if (!duk__lookup_arguments_map(thr, obj, key, &curr, &map, &varenv)) {
            goto success_no_exotics;
        }
        DUK_ASSERT(map != NULL);
        DUK_ASSERT(varenv != NULL);
 
        /* [obj key desc value get set curr_value varname] */
 
        if (has_set || has_get) {
            /* = IsAccessorDescriptor(Desc) */
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("defineProperty successful, key mapped to arguments 'map' "
                                 "changed to an accessor, delete arguments binding"));
 
            (void) duk_hobject_delprop_raw(thr, map, key, 0);  /* ignore result */
        } else {
            /* Note: this order matters (final value before deleting map entry must be done) */
            DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("defineProperty successful, key mapped to arguments 'map', "
                                 "check for value update / binding deletion"));
 
            if (has_value) {
                duk_hstring *varname;
 
                DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("defineProperty successful, key mapped to arguments 'map', "
                                     "update bound value (variable/argument)"));
 
                varname = duk_require_hstring(ctx, -1);
                DUK_ASSERT(varname != NULL);
 
                DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("arguments object automatic putvar for a bound variable; "
                                     "key=%!O, varname=%!O, value=%!T",
                                     (duk_heaphdr *) key,
                                     (duk_heaphdr *) varname,
                                     (duk_tval *) duk_require_tval(ctx, idx_value)));
 
                /* strict flag for putvar comes from our caller (currently: fixed) */
                duk_js_putvar_envrec(thr, varenv, varname, duk_require_tval(ctx, idx_value), throw_flag);
            }
            if (has_writable && !is_writable) {
                DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("defineProperty successful, key mapped to arguments 'map', "
                                     "changed to non-writable, delete arguments binding"));
 
                (void) duk_hobject_delprop_raw(thr, map, key, 0);  /* ignore result */
            }
        }
 
        /* 'varname' is in stack in this else branch, leaving an unbalanced stack below,
         * but this doesn't matter now.
         */
    }
 
 success_no_exotics:
    return;
 
 fail_virtual:
    DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_PROPERTY_IS_VIRTUAL);
    return;
 
 fail_not_writable_array_length:
    DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_ARRAY_LENGTH_NOT_WRITABLE);
    return;
 
 fail_not_extensible:
    DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_NOT_EXTENSIBLE);
    return;
 
 fail_not_configurable:
    DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_NOT_CONFIGURABLE);
    return;
 
 fail_array_length_partial:
    DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_ARRAY_LENGTH_WRITE_FAILED);
    return;
}
 
/*
 *  Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty() and Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable().
 */
 
DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_hobject_object_ownprop_helper(duk_context *ctx, duk_small_uint_t required_desc_flags) {
    duk_hthread *thr = (duk_hthread *) ctx;
    duk_hstring *h_v;
    duk_hobject *h_obj;
    duk_propdesc desc;
    duk_bool_t ret;
 
    /* coercion order matters */
    h_v = duk_to_hstring(ctx, 0);
    DUK_ASSERT(h_v != NULL);
 
    h_obj = duk_push_this_coercible_to_object(ctx);
    DUK_ASSERT(h_obj != NULL);
 
    ret = duk_hobject_get_own_propdesc(thr, h_obj, h_v, &desc, 0 /*flags*/);  /* don't push value */
 
    duk_push_boolean(ctx, ret && ((desc.flags & required_desc_flags) == required_desc_flags));
    return 1;
}
 
/*
 *  Object.seal() and Object.freeze()  (E5 Sections 15.2.3.8 and 15.2.3.9)
 *
 *  Since the algorithms are similar, a helper provides both functions.
 *  Freezing is essentially sealing + making plain properties non-writable.
 *
 *  Note: virtual (non-concrete) properties which are non-configurable but
 *  writable would pose some problems, but such properties do not currently
 *  exist (all virtual properties are non-configurable and non-writable).
 *  If they did exist, the non-configurability does NOT prevent them from
 *  becoming non-writable.  However, this change should be recorded somehow
 *  so that it would turn up (e.g. when getting the property descriptor),
 *  requiring some additional flags in the object.
 */
 
DUK_INTERNAL void duk_hobject_object_seal_freeze_helper(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_bool_t is_freeze) {
    duk_uint_fast32_t i;
 
    DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(thr->heap != NULL);
    DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
 
    DUK_ASSERT_VALSTACK_SPACE(thr, DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE);
 
#if defined(DUK_USE_ROM_OBJECTS)
    if (DUK_HEAPHDR_HAS_READONLY((duk_heaphdr *) obj)) {
        DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("attempt to seal/freeze a readonly object, reject"));
        DUK_ERROR_TYPE(thr, DUK_STR_NOT_CONFIGURABLE);
    }
#endif
 
    /*
     *  Abandon array part because all properties must become non-configurable.
     *  Note that this is now done regardless of whether this is always the case
     *  (skips check, but performance problem if caller would do this many times
     *  for the same object; not likely).
     */
 
    duk__abandon_array_checked(thr, obj);
    DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj) == 0);
 
    for (i = 0; i < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(obj); i++) {
        duk_uint8_t *fp;
 
        /* since duk__abandon_array_checked() causes a resize, there should be no gaps in keys */
        DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY(thr->heap, obj, i) != NULL);
 
        /* avoid multiple computations of flags address; bypasses macros */
        fp = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_FLAGS_PTR(thr->heap, obj, i);
        if (is_freeze && !((*fp) & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR)) {
            *fp &= ~(DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE | DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE);
        } else {
            *fp &= ~DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE;
        }
    }
 
    DUK_HOBJECT_CLEAR_EXTENSIBLE(obj);
 
    /* no need to compact since we already did that in duk__abandon_array_checked()
     * (regardless of whether an array part existed or not.
     */
 
    return;
}
 
/*
 *  Object.isSealed() and Object.isFrozen()  (E5 Sections 15.2.3.11, 15.2.3.13)
 *
 *  Since the algorithms are similar, a helper provides both functions.
 *  Freezing is essentially sealing + making plain properties non-writable.
 *
 *  Note: all virtual (non-concrete) properties are currently non-configurable
 *  and non-writable (and there are no accessor virtual properties), so they don't
 *  need to be considered here now.
 */
 
DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_hobject_object_is_sealed_frozen_helper(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *obj, duk_bool_t is_frozen) {
    duk_uint_fast32_t i;
 
    DUK_ASSERT(obj != NULL);
    DUK_UNREF(thr);
 
    /* Note: no allocation pressure, no need to check refcounts etc */
 
    /* must not be extensible */
    if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXTENSIBLE(obj)) {
        return 0;
    }
 
    /* all virtual properties are non-configurable and non-writable */
 
    /* entry part must not contain any configurable properties, or
     * writable properties (if is_frozen).
     */
    for (i = 0; i < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(obj); i++) {
        duk_small_uint_t flags;
 
        if (!DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY(thr->heap, obj, i)) {
            continue;
        }
 
        /* avoid multiple computations of flags address; bypasses macros */
        flags = (duk_small_uint_t) DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_FLAGS(thr->heap, obj, i);
 
        if (flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_CONFIGURABLE) {
            return 0;
        }
        if (is_frozen &&
            !(flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_ACCESSOR) &&
            (flags & DUK_PROPDESC_FLAG_WRITABLE)) {
            return 0;
        }
    }
 
    /* array part must not contain any non-unused properties, as they would
     * be configurable and writable.
     */
    for (i = 0; i < DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(obj); i++) {
        duk_tval *tv = DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE_PTR(thr->heap, obj, i);
        if (!DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(tv)) {
            return 0;
        }
    }
 
    return 1;
}
 
/*
 *  Object.preventExtensions() and Object.isExtensible()  (E5 Sections 15.2.3.10, 15.2.3.13)
 *
 *  Not needed, implemented by macros DUK_HOBJECT_{HAS,CLEAR,SET}_EXTENSIBLE
 *  and the Object built-in bindings.
 */
 
/* Undefine local defines */
 
#undef DUK__NO_ARRAY_INDEX
#undef DUK__HASH_INITIAL
#undef DUK__HASH_PROBE_STEP
#undef DUK__HASH_UNUSED
#undef DUK__HASH_DELETED
#undef DUK__VALSTACK_SPACE